Question 1

In most studies, it would be considered unethical to:

Accepted Answer

A) put young children in a highly stressful situation. 
B) study suggestibility in very young children. 
C) ask children to serve as participants in memory experiments. 
D) mislead children about events that had occurred earlier.

Question 2

Malajandra was just 5-year-old when a hurricane damaged houses in her neighborhood.Which of the following statements is likely to be true concerning her memory?

Accepted Answer

A) She will not remember the storm. 
B) She will remember more details if there was moderate damage to her house, rather than severe damage or no damage. 
C) No predictions can be made because no research is relevant. 
D) She will remember in great detail, if asked with the right questions.

Question 3

According to the research on false memory in older children, plausibility increases false memory in older children.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In Wimmer and Perner's (1983) experiment on ______ belief, it was found that 3-year-olds did not successfully predict where a confederate would think a hidden item was, but the 5-year-olds were successful.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Van Abbema and Bauer (2005) were able to get children to visit the lab at age 3 and then again around the age of 8 (varied from 7 to 9).They found that some children could accurately remember events that had taken place during the first visit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Howe, Toth, and Cicchetti (2012) also found that children could use directed forgetting to inhibit items that they were not supposed to remember.They also found that children were better able to inhibit emotional items than neutral items.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Researchers can examine memory early in infancy by examining if an infant looks more at novel than familiar items.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following summarizes the research on false memory in children?

Accepted Answer

A) Younger children show more meaning-based memory errors. 
B) Younger children show fewer meaning-based memory errors. 
C) Younger children do not show meaning-based memory errors. 
D) There are no developmental differences in false memories.

Question 9

Describe mnemonic improvement relating to memory conversations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe mnemonic improvement relating to memory conversations....

Question 10

Kisilevksy et al. (2003) showed that fetuses one to two weeks before birth recognized their mother's voice.This was accomplished by:

Accepted Answer

A) measuring differences in the infant's heart rate. 
B) observing differences in motor behavior when the infant is in the presence of his or her mother or when the infant is in the presence of another woman. 
C) training the infant in a conjugate reinforcement task. 
D) retrospectively asking children about such experiences when they are much older.

Question 11

Explain the memory efficiency view.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the memory efficiency view....

Question 12

Dora is 6-year-old.You would expect her to:

Accepted Answer

A) know that the waiter at the restaurant does not know what she likes to eat. 
B) show more suggestibility than her 9-year-old sister. 
C) recall events that occurred 6 months earlier. 
D) all of the above.

Question 13

Lucas is three years old.Based on what you know about memory strategies, you would expect him to:

Accepted Answer

A) keep his eyes on the location of a hidden toy if he can later point to the location of the toy. 
B) know that a research assistant who just entered the room does not know where the hidden toy is. 
C) describe his theory of mind to the researcher. 
D) use eidetic imagery to solve the missing problem.

Question 14

Children between the ages of 3 and 6 do not:

Accepted Answer

A) remember events from their lives. 
B) use elaborative encoding spontaneously. 
C) engage in any strategic behavior with respect to memory. 
D) show any evidence of having developed a theory of mind.

Question 15

Explain the term "elaboration" as it relates to memory strategies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the term "elaboration" as it relates...

Question 16

Evidence suggests that working memory:

Accepted Answer

A) does not change with age. 
B) is developmentally a sub-set of episodic memory. 
C) improves from early to later childhood. 
D) cannot be classified as something that benefits from either memory efficiency or memory strategies.

Question 17

Describe semantic memory in children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe semantic memory in children....

Question 18

Otgaar, Smeets, and Peters (2012) repeatedly asked children age 7 to 9 about a true event (their first day of school) and a false event ( a visit to a burn center).In one condition, the children were given script knowledge about each of these events and in a control condition, they were not given such generalized information.They found that:

Accepted Answer

A) children were more likely to have false memories of events other than the visit to the burn center. 
B) giving such information in the form of semantic memory scripts increased the likelihood of false memories. 
C) The younger children were frightened by the story about the burn center. 
D) only the highly suggestible children had false memories based on script knowledge.

Question 19

Babies as young as 1 month habituated to a particular phoneme, that is, their sucking rate decreased after hearing the phoneme over and over.When a new phoneme was played, their rate of sucking decreased.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In one study, it was found that 4-month-old children:

Accepted Answer

A) looked more at upright photos of faces than upside-down photos of faces. 
B) preferentially looked at writing in the system that their languages uses than other systems. 
C) correctly picked up objects they had heard described earlier. 
D) none of the above.

Exam 11: Memory in Childhood

In most studies, it would be considered unethical to:

Malajandra was just 5-year-old when a hurricane damaged houses in her neighborhood.Which of the following statements is likely to be true concerning her memory?

According to the research on false memory in older children, plausibility increases false memory in older children.

In Wimmer and Perner's (1983) experiment on ______ belief, it was found that 3-year-olds did not successfully predict where a confederate would think a hidden item was, but the 5-year-olds were successful.

Van Abbema and Bauer (2005) were able to get children to visit the lab at age 3 and then again around the age of 8 (varied from 7 to 9).They found that some children could accurately remember events that had taken place during the first visit.

Howe, Toth, and Cicchetti (2012) also found that children could use directed forgetting to inhibit items that they were not supposed to remember.They also found that children were better able to inhibit emotional items than neutral items.

Researchers can examine memory early in infancy by examining if an infant looks more at novel than familiar items.

Which of the following summarizes the research on false memory in children?

Describe mnemonic improvement relating to memory conversations.

Kisilevksy et al. (2003) showed that fetuses one to two weeks before birth recognized their mother's voice.This was accomplished by:

Explain the memory efficiency view.

Dora is 6-year-old.You would expect her to:

Lucas is three years old.Based on what you know about memory strategies, you would expect him to:

Children between the ages of 3 and 6 do not:

Explain the term "elaboration" as it relates to memory strategies.

Evidence suggests that working memory:

Describe semantic memory in children.

Babies as young as 1 month habituated to a particular phoneme, that is, their sucking rate decreased after hearing the phoneme over and over.When a new phoneme was played, their rate of sucking decreased.

In one study, it was found that 4-month-old children: