Question 1

A hypothesis provides

Accepted Answer

A)  direction for research. 
B)  tentative explanation of phenomena. 
C)  framework for interpretation of findings. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 2

Consider the hypothesis: The severe weather that has hit the United States in recent months is punishment for the decline in morals in our society.This is an example of a hypothesis that is

Accepted Answer

A)  falsifiable. 
B)  parsimonious. 
C)  not falsifiable. 
D)  confirmable. 
E)  testable.

Question 3

When testing a hypothesis, a researcher uses

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive reasoning to determine the expected consequences 
B) deductive reasoning to determine the expected consequences. 
C) both a and b. 
D) neither a nor b.

Question 4

Exhibit 5-2: Consider the hypothesis: "At-risk children who are placed in a regular classroom will show greater increase in achievement than will at-risk children who attend special classes."
-Refer to Exhibit 5-2.What is the dependent variable in the above hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning 
B)  Achievement 
C)  Attend public school programs 
D)  Special education programs 
E)  At-risk children

Question 5

Exhibit 5-3: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
-Refer to Exhibit 5-3.There is a positive relationship between teachers' expectations of students and the actual achievement of the students.

Accepted Answer

A)  adequate hypothesis 
B)  inadequate, not testable 
C)  inadequate, no statement of relationship 
D)  inadequate, not consistent with the existing body of knowledge

Question 6

According to Sir Karl Popper, one can disprove a theory by gathering

Accepted Answer

A)  positive evidence. 
B)  negative evidence. 
C)  supporting evidence. 
D)  none of these are true.

Question 7

Exhibit 5-1 During a fire drill a teacher marched the class from their floor classroom to the playground and waited there with them until the drill was over.Upon returning the teacher found Peter, one of the pupils, waiting at his desk.The teacher has formed several hypotheses, which are given in answer options a-d.Choose the hypothesis that best answers the question.
-Refer to Exhibit 5-1.Which of the hypotheses violated the criterion that: hypotheses must be testable.

Accepted Answer

A)  Peter is an inherently bad boy who had stepped out of line and ran to the classroom by the back stairs in order to infuriate the teacher. 
B)  Peter leapt from the ground directly into the classroom window. 
C)  Peter has an identical twin whom the teacher did not know about.He and Peter arranged with the principal to stage the fire drill so that they could play this trick on the teacher. 
D)  Peter slipped into the boy's room on the way out and returned to his seat from there.

Question 8

Exhibit 5-1 During a fire drill a teacher marched the class from their floor classroom to the playground and waited there with them until the drill was over.Upon returning the teacher found Peter, one of the pupils, waiting at his desk.The teacher has formed several hypotheses, which are given in answer options a-d.Choose the hypothesis that best answers the question.
-Refer to Exhibit 5-1.Which of the hypotheses violated the criterion that: this hypothesis does not violate any of these criteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  Peter is an inherently bad boy who had stepped out of line and ran to the classroom by the back stairs in order to infuriate the teacher. 
B)  Peter leapt from the ground directly into the classroom window. 
C)  Peter has an identical twin whom the teacher did not know about.He and Peter arranged with the principal to stage the fire drill so that they could play this trick on the teacher. 
D)  Peter slipped into the boy's room on the way out and returned to his seat from there.

Question 9

Which of the following would be the most suitable hypothesis for study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Columbus school district has too many janitors. 
B)  For learning-disabled students, attending a regular classroom is better than attending a segregated classroom. 
C)  Solutions to math problems should be taught with computers as well as with paper-and-pencil computation. 
D)  Nonsense words are forgotten more quickly than meaningful words. 
E)  Teachers who have had a counseling course will be better teachers than those who have not had a counseling course.

Question 10

Students in a research class often say that they want to prove the hypotheses of their study.What would you say to these student researchers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Students in a research class often say...

Question 11

List four characteristics of an acceptable hypothesis for a research study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List four characteristics of an acceptable hypothesis...

Question 12

Which of the following hypotheses is directional?

Accepted Answer

A)  There will be a significant relationship between the number of hours students work and their grade point averages. 
B)  There will be a significant difference in the achievement of students taught by Method A and those taught by Method B. 
C)  There will be a significant relationship between parent and student reports of family involvement in homework. 
D)  Students who participate in extracurricular activities will have significantly more positive attitudes toward school than students who do not participate in extracurricular activities.

Question 13

Null hypotheses are employed to

Accepted Answer

A)  prove there is a relationship between the variables of the study. 
B)  prove there is no relationship between the variables. 
C)  investigate why there is no relationship when one is expected. 
D)  compare findings of a study with what would be expected by chance.

Question 14

What components make up a quantitative research plan?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What components make up a quantitative research...

Question 15

There is a negative relationship between the number of older siblings and the mental maturity scores of six-year-old children.This statement is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  null hypothesis. 
B)  directional hypothesis. 
C)  nondirectional hypothesis. 
D)  research problem.

Question 16

If the research hypothesis states that alcohol affects short-term memory, the null hypothesis states

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol does not decrease short-term memory. 
B)  alcohol decreases short-term memory. 
C)  alcohol has no effect on short-term memory. 
D)  alcohol increases short-term memory.

Question 17

A researcher is interested in the relationship between ability grouping and reading achievement among third graders.State (a) a research hypothesis (b) alternate hypothesis (c) a null hypothesis for this study,

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher is interested in the relationship...

Question 18

Exhibit 5-4: Examine the hypotheses provided in answer options a-d, then answer the questions.
-Refer to Exhibit 5-4.Which one involves more than one independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presentation of advance organizers will raise the amount of learning and retention of the subsequently presented materials. 
B)  There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement. 
C)  There is an interaction effect between method of teaching mathematics and gender of students upon learning of mathematics in high school. 
D)  There is a relationship between the emotional maturity of elementary school children and their experiences during the first two years of their childhood.

Question 19

"Children with higher GPA will express greater satisfaction with school than children with lower GPA." This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  testable hypothesis. 
B)  directional hypothesis. 
C)  null hypothesis. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a and c

Question 20

An important consideration in formulating a research hypothesis is to make sure

Accepted Answer

A)  it is stated in the null form. 
B)  the variables can be operationally defined. 
C)  the statement does not imply a value judgment. 
D)  b and c 
E)  a, b, and c

Exam 5: The Hypothesis