Question 1

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). When reviewing the client's laboratory data, which findings should indicate to the nurse that the client has met the expected outcomes? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Decreasing serum creatinine 
B) Decreasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 
C) Decreasing neutrophil count 
D) Decreasing lymphocyte count 
E) Decreasing erythrocyte count

Question 2

The nurse is preparing to discharge a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse is teaching the client and family about administering calcium acetate tablets by mouth with each meal at home. Which explanation about this medication is most appropriate for the nurse to include?

Accepted Answer

A) "The calcium acetate will lower your serum phosphate levels." 
B) "The calcium acetate helps neutralize your gastric acids." 
C) "The calcium acetate will help stimulate your appetite." 
D) "The calcium acetate will decrease your serum creatinine levels."

Question 3

Which of the following electrolytes would be classified as a cation?

Accepted Answer

A) Chloride 
B) Bicarbonate 
C) Phosphate 
D) Potassium

Question 4

Why is development of Kussmaul respirations problematic in a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Accepted Answer

A) It suggests the client is experiencing metabolic acidosis. 
B) It suggests the client is dehydrated. 
C) It suggests the client is hypotensive. 
D) It suggests the client is experiencing proteinuria.

Question 5

A client diagnosed with frequent urinary tract infections is seen in the urology clinic. The nurse reviews the client's medical history and determines that the client is at risk for acute kidney injury. Which items in the client's history support this conclusion? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Dehydration 
B) Renal calculi 
C) Ineffective wound healing 
D) Low serum albumin 
E) Hypertension

Question 6

The nurse instructs a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD)regarding the prescribed medication furosemide (Lasix). Which client statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?

Accepted Answer

A) "I will take this medication to keep my calcium balance normal." 
B) "This medication will make sure I have enough red blood cells in my body." 
C) "I will take this pill to keep my protein level in my body stable." 
D) "This pill will reduce the swelling in my body and get rid of the extra potassium."

Question 7

The nurse identifies the diagnosis Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity as applicable for a client diagnosed with heart failure. Which assessment finding supports the use of this diagnosis for the client?

Accepted Answer

A) Shortness of breath with ambulation 
B) Productive cough 
C) +3 pitting edema both feet 
D) Heart rate 104 and regular

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intravenous fluids postoperatively following cardiac surgery. The nurse is aware that this client is at risk for fluid volume excess. The family asks why the client is at risk for this condition. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) "Fluid volume excess commonly occurs due to new onset liver failure caused by the surgery." 
B) "Fluid volume excess is frequently caused by the administration of intravenous fluids." 
C) "Fluid volume excess is common due to increased levels of antidiuretic hormone in response to the stress of surgery." 
D) "Fluid volume excess is frequently caused by inactivity."

Question 9

A client with a history of hypertension is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). When the client asks the nurse how this disease developed, which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) "Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has led to this diagnosis." 
B) "Cysts have compressed your renal tissue and destroyed your kidneys, causing this diagnosis." 
C) "High blood pressure has reduced your renal blood flow, harming the kidney tissue and causing this diagnosis." 
D) "Immune complexes have formed in your kidney tissue, causing inflammation that has led to this diagnosis."

Question 10

The nurse is planning care for a client admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of dehydration. The client's lab values indicate a low level of serum sodium. Based on the assessment finding, the nurse determines that Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance is an appropriate nursing diagnosis. Which medical condition supports this nursing diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Isotonic dehydration 
B) Hydrostatic pressure 
C) Hypotonic dehydration 
D) Osmotic pressure

Question 11

An older adult client is admitted to the hospital after a fall. The client is intermittently confused. Based on age and current data, which of the following conditions is the client most at risk for developing?

Accepted Answer

A) Kidney damage 
B) Dehydration 
C) Stroke 
D) Bleeding

Question 12

The nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a female client suspected of having a fluid imbalance. Which laboratory value should indicate a diagnosis of dehydration to the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A) Serum osmolality 230 mOsm/kg 
B) Hematocrit 30% 
C) Hematocrit 53% 
D) Serum potassium 3.8 mEq/L

Question 13

A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI)has jugular vein distention, lower extremity edema, and elevated blood pressure. Based on this data, which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) Ineffective Renal Tissue Perfusion 
B) Excess Fluid Volume 
C) Risk for Decreased Cardiac Tissue Perfusion 
D) Risk for Infection

Question 14

The community nurse visits the home of a young child who is home from school because of sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy. The nurse suspects acute kidney injury (AKI). Which clinical manifestations support the nurse's suspicions? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Elevated blood pressure 
B) Postural hypotension 
C) Wheezing 
D) Edema 
E) Hematuria

Question 15

A pediatric nurse is assigned phone triage for the shift. The nurse takes a call from the mother of a 3-month-old infant. The mother tells the nurse that the child has been vomiting and experiencing diarrhea for several days. Based on this information, which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) "You should bring the infant in to be seen by the doctor." 
B) "Give your baby at least 2 ounces of juice every 2 hours." 
C) "Give your baby 50 mL of glucose water every hour." 
D) "Measure your baby's urine output for 24 hours and call back tomorrow."

Question 16

The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). The nurse plans the client's care based on the nursing diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume. Which assessment data supports this nursing diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Pitting edema in the lower extremities 
B) Bowel sounds positive in four quadrants 
C) Wheezing in the lungs 
D) Generalized weakness

Question 17

The school nurse is preparing a class session for high school students on ways to maintain fluid balance during the summer months. Which interventions should the nurse recommend to decrease the risk of fluid imbalance? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Drink diet soda. 
B) Drink more fluids during hot weather. 
C) Drink flat caffeine-free cola or ginger ale if vomiting. 
D) Reduce the intake of coffee and tea. 
E) Exercise between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.

Question 18

The nurse is preparing to administer 20 mEq of potassium chloride to a client who has been vomiting. Which information about the purpose of this medication should the nurse explain to the client?

Accepted Answer

A) It is vital in regulating muscle contraction and relaxation. 
B) It is needed to maintain skeletal, cardiac, and neuromuscular activity. 
C) It controls and regulates water balance in the body. 
D) It is used to synthesize protein and DNA within the body's cells.

Question 19

The nurse is planning a seminar to instruct community members on ways to reduce the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which topics should the nurse include in the seminar? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Avoid eating red meat. 
B) Control blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus. 
C) Adhere to medication regimen to control hypertension. 
D) Participate in regular exercise. 
E) Avoid smoking.

Question 20

An older adult client is brought to the emergency department. The client has been experiencing fever, nausea, and vomiting for the past 2 days. The client denies thirst. Urine dipstick indicates a decreased urine specific gravity. Based on this data, which diagnosis should the nurse most anticipate for this client?

Accepted Answer

A) Congestive heart failure 
B) Dehydration 
C) Fluid overload 
D) Normal changes of aging

Exam 6: Fluids and Electrolytes

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) . When reviewing the client's laboratory data, which findings should indicate to the nurse that the client has met the expected outcomes? Select all that apply.

The nurse is preparing to discharge a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) . The nurse is teaching the client and family about administering calcium acetate tablets by mouth with each meal at home. Which explanation about this medication is most appropriate for the nurse to include?

Which of the following electrolytes would be classified as a cation?

Why is development of Kussmaul respirations problematic in a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) ?

A client diagnosed with frequent urinary tract infections is seen in the urology clinic. The nurse reviews the client's medical history and determines that the client is at risk for acute kidney injury. Which items in the client's history support this conclusion? Select all that apply.

The nurse instructs a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) regarding the prescribed medication furosemide (Lasix) . Which client statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?

The nurse identifies the diagnosis Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity as applicable for a client diagnosed with heart failure. Which assessment finding supports the use of this diagnosis for the client?

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intravenous fluids postoperatively following cardiac surgery. The nurse is aware that this client is at risk for fluid volume excess. The family asks why the client is at risk for this condition. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

A client with a history of hypertension is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) . When the client asks the nurse how this disease developed, which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

An older adult client is admitted to the hospital after a fall. The client is intermittently confused. Based on age and current data, which of the following conditions is the client most at risk for developing?

The nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a female client suspected of having a fluid imbalance. Which laboratory value should indicate a diagnosis of dehydration to the nurse?

A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) has jugular vein distention, lower extremity edema, and elevated blood pressure. Based on this data, which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?

The community nurse visits the home of a young child who is home from school because of sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy. The nurse suspects acute kidney injury (AKI) . Which clinical manifestations support the nurse's suspicions? Select all that apply.

The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) . The nurse plans the client's care based on the nursing diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume. Which assessment data supports this nursing diagnosis?

The school nurse is preparing a class session for high school students on ways to maintain fluid balance during the summer months. Which interventions should the nurse recommend to decrease the risk of fluid imbalance? Select all that apply.

The nurse is preparing to administer 20 mEq of potassium chloride to a client who has been vomiting. Which information about the purpose of this medication should the nurse explain to the client?

The nurse is planning a seminar to instruct community members on ways to reduce the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) . Which topics should the nurse include in the seminar? Select all that apply.