Question 1

Rejection of a donor kidney that begins months to years after transplant surgery and does not respond to increased immunosuppression would be categorized as which type of rejection?

Accepted Answer

A) Acute rejection 
B) Chronic rejection 
C) Delayed rejection 
D) Nonimmune rejection

Question 2

Which laboratory finding is suggestive of chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase in creatinine clearance 
B) Decrease in serum sodium 
C) Increase in hematocrit 
D) Decrease in BUN

Question 3

The nurse is reviewing the lab values for a client being cared for on the unit. The client's phosphorus level is currently 2.0 mg/dL. Based on this data, which nursing intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to implement?

Accepted Answer

A) Enforce contact precautions. 
B) Encourage consumption of a high-calorie carbohydrate diet. 
C) Strain all urine. 
D) Encourage consumption of milk and yogurt.

Question 4

A nurse is evaluating whether the drug sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)is exerting the desired therapeutic effect for a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which therapeutic effect should the nurse anticipate from this medication?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased serum sodium 
B) Increased stool excretion 
C) Decreased urine specific gravity 
D) Decreased serum potassium

Question 5

What is the most frequent complication during hemodialysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Hemorrhage 
B) Hypotension 
C) Localized infection 
D) Hypertension

Question 6

The nurse is analyzing the intake and output record for a client being treated for dehydration. The client weighs 176 lb and had a 24-hour intake of 2000 mL and urine output of 1200 mL. Based on this data, which conclusion by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) Treatment needs to include a diuretic. 
B) Treatment has not been effective. 
C) Treatment is effective and should continue. 
D) Treatment has been effective and should end.

Question 7

A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI)will be discharged to home in the next few days. When conducting dietary instruction, the nurse should teach the client to choose proteins that are high in biological value. Which client statement indicates that this teaching has been effective?

Accepted Answer

A) "I will be sure to include eggs in my diet." 
B) "I should include vegetables at every meal." 
C) "Legumes should be included in my diet, because they are complete proteins." 
D) "I will eat nuts daily because they are high in protein."

Question 8

A client diagnosed with recurrent urinary tract calculi would be at elevated risk for which of the following types of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

Accepted Answer

A) Prerenal AKI 
B) Intrinsic AKI 
C) Postrenal AKI 
D) Intrarenal AKI

Question 9

The nurse on a medical-surgical unit completes the shift assessment for a client diagnosed with a multisystem fluid volume deficit. In the assessment, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing tachycardia, decreased urine output, and pale, cool skin. Based on this information, which should the nurse anticipate as the cause of the client's current symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A) Natural compensatory mechanisms 
B) Cardiac failure 
C) Pharmacological effects of a diuretic 
D) Rapidly infused intravenous fluids

Question 10

Which of the following terms refers to severe, generalized edema, which may occur as a result of fluid volume excess?

Accepted Answer

A) Ascites 
B) Anasarca 
C) Hypervolemia 
D) Orthopnea

Question 11

A client in the emergency department is being admitted with a diagnosis of fluid volume deficit. When preparing to assess this client, on which body system should the nurse focus to determine the cause of the imbalance?

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiovascular 
B) Genitourinary 
C) Gastrointestinal 
D) Musculoskeletal

Question 12

A client agrees to receive long-term hemodialysis to treat acute kidney injury (AKI). Based on this information, the nurse should prepare the client for which surgical procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) Insertion of a double-lumen catheter into the subclavian artery 
B) Placement of a peritoneal catheter 
C) Insertion of a subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt 
D) Placement of an arteriovenous fistula

Question 13

The nurse is concerned that an older adult client is at risk for developing acute kidney injury (AKI). Which data in the client's history supports the nurse's concern? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Diagnosed with hypotension 
B) Recent aortic valve replacement surgery 
C) Prescribed high doses of intravenous antibiotics 
D) Total hip replacement surgery 5 years ago 
E) Taking medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Question 14

An increase in blood hydrostatic pressure would result in which fluid volume disturbance?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluid volume excess, because the pressure would force fluid out through the lymphatic system and into the interstitial compartment. 
B) Fluid volume deficit, because the pressure would force fluid out of the interstitial compartment and into the lymphatic system. 
C) Fluid volume excess, because the pressure would force fluid out through the capillary walls and into the interstitial compartment. 
D) Fluid volume deficit, because the pressure would force fluid out of the interstitial compartment and into the capillaries.

Exam 6: Fluids and Electrolytes

Rejection of a donor kidney that begins months to years after transplant surgery and does not respond to increased immunosuppression would be categorized as which type of rejection?

Which laboratory finding is suggestive of chronic kidney disease?

The nurse is reviewing the lab values for a client being cared for on the unit. The client's phosphorus level is currently 2.0 mg/dL. Based on this data, which nursing intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to implement?

A nurse is evaluating whether the drug sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is exerting the desired therapeutic effect for a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) . Which therapeutic effect should the nurse anticipate from this medication?

What is the most frequent complication during hemodialysis?

The nurse is analyzing the intake and output record for a client being treated for dehydration. The client weighs 176 lb and had a 24-hour intake of 2000 mL and urine output of 1200 mL. Based on this data, which conclusion by the nurse is the most appropriate?

A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) will be discharged to home in the next few days. When conducting dietary instruction, the nurse should teach the client to choose proteins that are high in biological value. Which client statement indicates that this teaching has been effective?

A client diagnosed with recurrent urinary tract calculi would be at elevated risk for which of the following types of acute kidney injury (AKI) ?

Which of the following terms refers to severe, generalized edema, which may occur as a result of fluid volume excess?

A client in the emergency department is being admitted with a diagnosis of fluid volume deficit. When preparing to assess this client, on which body system should the nurse focus to determine the cause of the imbalance?

A client agrees to receive long-term hemodialysis to treat acute kidney injury (AKI) . Based on this information, the nurse should prepare the client for which surgical procedure?

The nurse is concerned that an older adult client is at risk for developing acute kidney injury (AKI) . Which data in the client's history supports the nurse's concern? Select all that apply.

An increase in blood hydrostatic pressure would result in which fluid volume disturbance?