Question 1

Anurak is designing a study on the importance of parent-child relationship quality for children's social adjustment in school.For parent-child relationship quality,he has decided to focus on the children's perceptions of how much their parents love them,respect them,and make them feel important.In making this choice,Anurak is creating ________ that represent the level of parents' love and respect and children's importance.

Accepted Answer

A) concepts 
B) hypotheses 
C) variables 
D) intervals

Question 2

The key difference between an interval and a ratio variable is that only

Accepted Answer

A) interval variables have a true zero point. 
B) ratio variables have values that can be ordered. 
C) ratio variables have a true zero point. 
D) interval variables have values that can be ordered.

Question 3

A key difference between ordinal variables and interval variables is that the values

Accepted Answer

A) have known relative distances in interval,but not ordinal variables. 
B) can be put in a rank order in interval,but not ordinal variables. 
C) are continuous in ordinal,but not interval,variables. 
D) are categorical in interval,but not ordinal,variables.

Question 4

A variable that represents identification with different racial-ethnic groups is a nominal variable because the

Accepted Answer

A) distance between the ranked categories cannot be known. 
B) values include a true zero point. 
C) values are on a continuum. 
D) values cannot be ranked.

Question 5

Farhad is deciding between studying the importance of cultural sexual norms of religious denominations versus those same norms of different countries.His is a choice between a ________ level of analysis and a ________ level of analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) individual;societal 
B) institutional;societal 
C) institutional;organizational 
D) group;institutional

Question 6

In the quantitative social science research process,moving from a concrete definition of a concept to an actual measure of the defined concept involves

Accepted Answer

A) conceptualization. 
B) aggregation. 
C) hypotheses. 
D) operationalization.

Question 7

Affonso plans to study the effect of degree type on the income of college graduates.He chooses to represent degree type with college major and to represent income with individual annual income (in dollars).In this study,college major is a(n)________ variable and individual annual income is a(n)________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) ordinal;nominal 
B) nominal;ratio 
C) interval;ordinal 
D) ordinal;interval

Question 8

When we consider a concept,such as marital quality,there is not universal agreement about what that concept means.This lack of clear agreement is because of the ________ quality of concepts.

Accepted Answer

A) abstract 
B) aggregate 
C) nominal 
D) ethical

Question 9

Anh plans to study the effect of age on standardized test performance,and chooses to represent age with number of years of age and to represent standardized test performance with Graduate Record Examination (GRE)scores.In this study,age is a(n)________ variable and GRE scores are a(n)________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) ratio;ratio 
B) interval;ordinal 
C) ratio;interval 
D) ordinal;ratio

Question 10

If a variable has an infinite set of possible values from low to high,it is a(n)________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) nominal 
B) continuous 
C) ordinal 
D) categorical

Question 11

If a researcher were interested in the general attitude trends of a society over time,he or she would probably use a ________ design.

Accepted Answer

A) reliability 
B) cross-sectional 
C) panel study 
D) repeated cross-sections

Question 12

Start with two concepts whose relationship has been demonstrated in past research: socioeconomic status and health.Write three or four sentences shifting these concepts into operational definitions that can be used as measures.Then write a sentence or two discussing the potential problems with your measure of socioeconomic status in terms of reliability;then write another sentence or two discussing the potential validity issues of your socioeconomic status measure.Finally,write another one to two sentences each about the potential reliability and validity issues that could come up for your measure of health.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Start with two concepts whose relationship has...

Question 13

Gregory has designed a study of how health differs by level of educational attainment among adults.He decides to focus on degenerative diseases,such as heart disease,diabetes,and cancer.From there,he chooses simple representations about whether the respondents have ever had these conditions,and then constructs a series of yes/no questions.In this study,________ is most closely connected to the importance of dimensions.

Accepted Answer

A) representing disease by whether respondents have had that disease 
B) studying only adults 
C) examining health differences by educational attainment 
D) focusing on degenerative diseases

Question 14

Studies that focus on such countable aspects of social life as texts,news stories,or paintings dealing with a particular subject matter are relying on ________ as their unit of analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) social artifacts 
B) aggregation 
C) data points 
D) indicators

Question 15

If a researcher wanted to see how spouses' marital quality changed over time if and when children were born,he or she would probably use a ________ design.

Accepted Answer

A) cross-sectional 
B) repeated cross-sections 
C) reliability 
D) panel study

Exam 4: From Concepts to Models: Hypotheses, Operationalization, and Measurement

The key difference between an interval and a ratio variable is that only

A key difference between ordinal variables and interval variables is that the values

A variable that represents identification with different racial-ethnic groups is a nominal variable because the

Farhad is deciding between studying the importance of cultural sexual norms of religious denominations versus those same norms of different countries.His is a choice between a level of analysis and a level of analysis.

In the quantitative social science research process,moving from a concrete definition of a concept to an actual measure of the defined concept involves

Affonso plans to study the effect of degree type on the income of college graduates.He chooses to represent degree type with college major and to represent income with individual annual income (in dollars) .In this study,college major is a(n) variable and individual annual income is a(n) variable.

When we consider a concept,such as marital quality,there is not universal agreement about what that concept means.This lack of clear agreement is because of the ________ quality of concepts.

Anh plans to study the effect of age on standardized test performance,and chooses to represent age with number of years of age and to represent standardized test performance with Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores.In this study,age is a(n) variable and GRE scores are a(n) variable.

If a variable has an infinite set of possible values from low to high,it is a(n) ________ variable.

If a researcher were interested in the general attitude trends of a society over time,he or she would probably use a ________ design.

Studies that focus on such countable aspects of social life as texts,news stories,or paintings dealing with a particular subject matter are relying on ________ as their unit of analysis.

If a researcher wanted to see how spouses' marital quality changed over time if and when children were born,he or she would probably use a ________ design.