Republican Advertisements About Representative Adam Johnson, the Democratic Candidate, Portray

Multiple Choice

Republican advertisements about Representative Adam Johnson, the Democratic candidate, portray him as lazy, dishonest, and poor at his job. At the same time, the Democratic ads for Adam Johnson describe him as a caring, honest, hard worker. The sponsors of these advertisements know that ads can affect whom voters choose on Election Day. The tendency of decision makers (the voters in this example) to be influenced by how a situation or problem is presented to them is an example of

A) framing bias.
B) stirring the waters.
C) goal displacement.
D) overconfidence bias.
E) the fog effect.