Question 1

When we engage in a self-serving bias,we attribute failure and other bad events that happen to us to ________,but we attribute success and other good events to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  distinctive factors; global factors 
B)  permanent circumstances; temporary circumstances 
C)  controllable circumstances; uncontrollable circumstances 
D)  external circumstances; ourselves

Question 2

Why is it inaccurate to say that people from interdependent cultures do NOT commit the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it inaccurate to say that...

Question 3

The ________ dimension of explanatory style considers whether the causes of a particular behavior will be present again in the future.

Accepted Answer

A)  stable/unstable 
B)  global/specific 
C)  internal/external 
D)  positive/negative

Question 4

According to the textbook,which of the following statements is INACCURATE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Westerners are more inclined than Asians to see people as behaving in ways that have dispositional causes. 
B)  Asians tend to think like both personality and social psychologists, whereas Westerners tend to think like personality psychologists. 
C)  Asians do not commit the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  Differences in causal perception between Westerners and Asians are likely due to differences in cultural outlook between the two groups.

Question 5

Bo has repeatedly tried to find a job.After each unsuccessful attempt,he concludes that there is just something about him that will always get in the way of success in his life.Bo is displaying a ________ explanatory style.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-defensive 
B)  maladaptive 
C)  pessimistic 
D)  self-protecting

Question 6

People tend to make ________ attributions when levels of consensus and distinctiveness are low and consistency information is high.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific 
B)  unstable 
C)  external 
D)  internal

Question 7

Explain the covariation principle and the three types of covariation information that people use to understand the causes of everyday social behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the covariation principle and the three...

Question 8

According to social psychological research on the covariation principle,which condition should prompt the highest expectations about the TechnoCool dance club?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hardly anyone raves about TechnoCool, your friend raves about all clubs, and your friend has raved about TechnoCool on many different occasions. 
B)  Everyone raves about TechnoCool, your friend rarely raves about any clubs, and your friend has raved about TechnoCool on many different occasions. 
C)  Your friend raves about all clubs, TechnoCool exceeds your friend's expectations, and positive experiences tend to occur at TechnoCool. 
D)  Your friend dislikes all clubs, TechnoCool exceeds your friend's expectations, and negative experiences tend to occur at TechnoCool.

Question 9

The just world hypothesis,believing that good things happen to good people,is used to explain which psychological phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  the fundamental attribution error 
B)  the covariation principle 
C)  the augmentation principle 
D)  the cultural priming effect

Question 10

The ________ holds that people have a tendency to believe that another person's behavior is due to his or her disposition rather than the situation in which that person finds him- or herself.

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental attribution error 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  covariation principle 
D)  observer fallacy

Question 11

Students are often surprised to learn about the results of the Milgram study,in which the majority of participants were willing to administer potentially life threatening electric shocks to someone because the experimenter urged them on.When thinking about these results,students often assume that only a bad person would do such a thing,despite the fact that MOST of the study participants were willing to administer the shocks.Such consensus seems to suggest that it was the powerful situation that brought about the participants' behavior.In this way,students' attributions for the participants' behavior in the Milgram study seem to be more consistent with the ________ than the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  actor-observer difference; fundamental attribution error 
B)  fundamental attribution error; actor-observer difference 
C)  covariation principle; fundamental attribution error 
D)  fundamental attribution error; covariation principle

Question 12

Travis thinks that Roscoe is a terrible person.So when Travis finds out that Roscoe's business failed and Roscoe's wife left him,Travis's reaction is consistent with the just world hypothesis.He therefore thinks to himself,

Accepted Answer

A)  "Roscoe got what he deserved!" 
B)  "Even Roscoe did not deserve that!" 
C)  "Roscoe sure had bad luck!" 
D)  "If it happened to Roscoe, it could happen to anyone!"

Question 13

Challenge the position that people within the United States are all equally likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.What aspects of American identity relate to this tendency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Challenge the position that people within the...

Question 14

Recall that Wells and Gavanski (1989)asked study participants to read a story about a woman who went to lunch with her boss to celebrate a promotion.According to the story,the boss ordered a dish for the woman that contained wine.Unfortunately,the woman was so allergic to wine that she died.The researchers were interested in how participants would respond to additional information about the boss's behavior.Results of this study showed that participants who thought the

Accepted Answer

A)  boss's behavior was situationally caused were more likely to blame him for the woman's death. 
B)  boss's behavior was dispositionally caused were more upset by the woman's death. 
C)  boss almost ordered a different dish that contained wine viewed him more negatively. 
D)  boss almost ordered a different dish that did not contain wine viewed his choice of meals as more causally significant.

Question 15

According to the augmentation principle,which action is most likely to be attributed to the personality of the actor?

Accepted Answer

A)  clapping after a musical performance 
B)  asking a server for the check after finishing a meal 
C)  wearing a tropical shirt and shorts to a funeral 
D)  dancing at a party

Question 16

How does social class relate to causal attribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lower- or working-class individuals make attributions similar to those from independent cultures. 
B)  Lower- or working-class individuals make attributions similar to those from interdependent cultures. 
C)  Social class relates to causal attribution for Asians, but not for Westerners. 
D)  Social class does not relate to causal attribution.

Question 17

Pablo and Celia ask a job applicant to talk about her background for a few minutes.Before doing so,the applicant says she has bad allergies,so she might sniffle and speak with a shaky voice.The applicant then talks about herself,and she does,in fact,sniffle and speak with a shaky voice.While the applicant talks,Pablo is attentive.But Celia is tired and her mind wanders a bit.Attribution research suggests that,compared with Pablo,Celia is more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  think that the applicant is anxious or upset. 
B)  be impressed by the applicant. 
C)  notice that the applicant is sick. 
D)  believe that the applicant is serious about the job.

Question 18

When it comes to causal attributions,what is true of the distinction between people from interdependent and independent cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)  People from independent cultures are more likely to recognize the strength of the situation when making an attribution. 
B)  People from interdependent cultures are more likely to use consensus information when making an attribution. 
C)  People from independent cultures are more likely to use distinctiveness information when making an attribution. 
D)  People from interdependent cultures are more likely to make a dispositional inference when making an attribution.

Question 19

Pat is a lower-class man who works at a tire factory for a living.When trying to make sense of why a coworker is late to work,Pat is likely to make which kind of attribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  situational 
D)  dispositional

Question 20

Last year,when Laura got a poor performance review from her supervisor,she told herself that the rating system was unfair and her boss had it in for her.When her review was glowing this year,Laura took it as a signal that she is both smart and capable.Laura's causal attributions are most consistent with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving attributional bias 
B)  self-esteem maintenance error 
C)  actor-observer difference 
D)  augmentation principle

Exam 5: Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

When we engage in a self-serving bias,we attribute failure and other bad events that happen to us to ,but we attribute success and other good events to .