Question 1

Cohen's theory of status frustration is categorized as both a subcultural theory and a functionalist theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

When does status frustration emerge?

Accepted Answer

A)  when lower-class boys are unable to live up to the middle-class measuring rod in schools 
B)  when upper-class boys are unable to live up to the high expectations their parents have of them 
C)  when there is a gap between institutionalized goals and the legitimate means of achieving those goals 
D)  when lower-class boys who get high grades in school become outcasts among their lower-class peers 
E)  when members of the upper-class feel they must turn to corporate crime in order to achieve the goals of the corporation

Question 3

According to Durkheim's functionalist theory, in what type of society is deviance the most likely to exceed functional levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  society characterized by mechanical solidarity 
B)  society characterized by rapid social change 
C)  society where a small group of people have most of the social power 
D)  society where social bonds become too tight 
E)  society characterized by multiple dimensions of inequality

Question 4

The general theory of crime is also known as self-control theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following theories is a social control theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  differential opportunity theory 
B)  differential association theory 
C)  general theory of crime 
D)  general strain theory 
E)  neutralization theory

Question 6

How does Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory compare to Merton's strain theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  strain theory proposes that there are structural differences in access to legitimate opportunities, but differential opportunity theory disagrees 
B)  strain theory proposes that there are structural differences in access to legitimate opportunities, and differential opportunity theory agrees 
C)  strain theory proposes that there are structural differences in access to illegitimate opportunities, but differential opportunity theory disagrees 
D)  strain theory proposes that there are structural differences in access to illegitimate opportunities, and differential opportunity theory agrees 
E)  differential opportunity theory proposes that there are structural differences in access to legitimate opportunities, but strain theory disagrees

Question 7

Which of the following statements reflects Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  level of self-control varies significantly during a person's lifetime 
B)  low levels of self-control are the result of participation in deviant peer subcultures 
C)  people with low levels of self-control are more likely to adhere to authority, and therefore follow society's rules 
D)  low levels of self-control are primarily the result of ineffective parenting 
E)  low levels of self-control are associated with violent crime, but high levels of self-control are associated with white-collar crime

Question 8

List the five techniques of neutralization addressed in neutralization theory, and describe the techniques that are used by individuals who download music illegally.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the five techniques of neutralization addressed...

Question 9

According to Parnaby and Sacco's (2004) research on celebrity and strain, culture jamming is an example of Merton's "rebellion" mode of adaptation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Jones and Quisenberry (2004) found that low levels of self-control are associated with antisocial deviant behaviours (e.g. risky driving) in some people, but with adventure-seeking behaviours (e.g. skydiving) in others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Cherise lives in a neighbourhood where there is an organized group of people involved in selling illegal weapons to rival gangs. Seeing an opportunity to make some money, Cherise joins this group of weapons dealers. According to Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory, what type of group has Cherise joined?

Accepted Answer

A)  "conflict gang" 
B)  "retreatist gang" 
C)  "criminal gang" 
D)  "criminal collectivity" 
E)  "conflict collectivity"

Question 12

According to Agnew's general strain theory, strain must be accompanied by negative emotions in order for deviance to emerge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

During an interview for the school paper, the local high school valedictorian is asked how he managed to stay out of trouble during his teenage years. He replies, "Are you kidding? I was so busy studying, playing basketball on the school team, participating in the debating club, and volunteering with the Boys'and Girls' Club, I didn't have any time to get into trouble!" Which one of Hirschi's social bonds in reflected in his statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  belief 
B)  involvement 
C)  commitment 
D)  attachment 
E)  self-control

Question 14

Some individuals who download music illegally defend their actions by saying that the music industry makes more than enough profit from the pockets of consumers. Which technique of neutralization are these individuals using?

Accepted Answer

A)  denial of injury 
B)  denial of responsibility 
C)  condemnation of the condemners 
D)  denial of the victim 
E)  appealing to higher loyalties

Question 15

What is the functionalist perspective of society's rules?

Accepted Answer

A)  rules are made to be broken 
B)  society's rules reproduce patriarchy 
C)  society's rules are determined by powerful groups in society 
D)  there is general consensus about what society's rules should be 
E)  there is conflict over what society's rules should be

Question 16

Identify the different types of research interests of deviance specialists that lean toward the more objective end of the objective-subjective continuum and those that lean toward the more subjective end of the continuum. Explain why each of these groups of deviance specialists tends to utilize different types of theories, identify those theories, and describe how those types of theories are related to the differential interests of each of these deviance specialists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the different types of research interests...

Question 17

Which of the following theories best explains why university students who place a high value on academic work, but have GPAs below 3.0 and score high on measures of depression, are most likely to use "homework drugs"?

Accepted Answer

A)  differential opportunity theory 
B)  Agnew's general strain theory 
C)  self-control theory 
D)  social learning theory 
E)  Merton's strain theory

Question 18

Which theory does not identify deviance and criminality as lower-class
Phenomena?

Accepted Answer

A)  Merton's theory of strain 
B)  differential opportunity theory 
C)  Cohen's theory of status frustration 
D)  Agnew's general strain theory 
E)  Merton's theory of anomie

Question 19

According to Sutherland's differential association theory, deviant behaviour is learned through the same process through which conforming behaviour is learned.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Deviance specialists who lean toward the more "objective" side of the objective-subjective continuum find interpretive theories to be the most useful in their analyses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Explaining Deviance: The Act

Cohen's theory of status frustration is categorized as both a subcultural theory and a functionalist theory.

When does status frustration emerge?

According to Durkheim's functionalist theory, in what type of society is deviance the most likely to exceed functional levels?

The general theory of crime is also known as self-control theory.

Which of the following theories is a social control theory?

How does Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory compare to Merton's strain theory?

Which of the following statements reflects Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime?

List the five techniques of neutralization addressed in neutralization theory, and describe the techniques that are used by individuals who download music illegally.

According to Parnaby and Sacco's (2004) research on celebrity and strain, culture jamming is an example of Merton's "rebellion" mode of adaptation.

Jones and Quisenberry (2004) found that low levels of self-control are associated with antisocial deviant behaviours (e.g. risky driving) in some people, but with adventure-seeking behaviours (e.g. skydiving) in others.

According to Agnew's general strain theory, strain must be accompanied by negative emotions in order for deviance to emerge.

Some individuals who download music illegally defend their actions by saying that the music industry makes more than enough profit from the pockets of consumers. Which technique of neutralization are these individuals using?

What is the functionalist perspective of society's rules?

Which of the following theories best explains why university students who place a high value on academic work, but have GPAs below 3.0 and score high on measures of depression, are most likely to use "homework drugs"?

Which theory does not identify deviance and criminality as lower-class Phenomena?

According to Sutherland's differential association theory, deviant behaviour is learned through the same process through which conforming behaviour is learned.

Deviance specialists who lean toward the more "objective" side of the objective-subjective continuum find interpretive theories to be the most useful in their analyses.