Question 1

According to functionalist theorists, after people "let off steam" through minor
Acts of deviance, various processes motivate them to return to their acceptable
Roles in society. Which process would include sending someone to jail?

Accepted Answer

A)  socialization 
B)  coercion 
C)  internalization

Question 2

According to Emile Durkheim, a certain level of deviance is functional for society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to empirical tests of Agnew's general strain theory, women who are very successful at goal achievement are more likely to engage in purging, because of their intense perfectionism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Social theories of crime largely replaced biological theories of crime by the mid-20th century.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to the general theory of crime, low levels of self-control are relatively stable throughout life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

According to Lauritsen (1994), for which of the following groups of adolescents does strain increase the frequency of unprotected sexual activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  African-American females 
B)  African-American males 
C)  Caucasian females 
D)  Caucasian males 
E)  African-American females and males

Question 7

In exploring how techniques of neutralization may vary across contexts, Buzzell (2005) found that fireworks consumers who lived where fireworks were illegal were more likely to agree with the statement that fireworks "don't really hurt anyone" than were consumers who lived where fireworks were legal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

According to social learning theory, what are the four sources of all behaviour and how can this lead to deviance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to social learning theory, what are...

Question 9

In 2006, a young woman who was suffering from severe depression placed a daily online diary on YouTube. It was later discovered that she was not suffering from depression, but in fact was an actress who was using YouTube as a venue for auditioning. According to Parnaby and Sacco's (2004) research on celebrity and strain, this would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity. 
B)  innovation. 
C)  retreatism. 
D)  ritualism. 
E)  rebellion.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about microanomie is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  microanomie refers to a state wherein self-enhancement values are exceeded by self-trancendence values 
B)  due to gender differences in socialization, females experience more microanomie than do males 
C)  self-enhancement values include equality and social justice 
D)  microanomie refers to a state wherein self-transcendence values are exceeded by self-enhancement values 
E)  strain results in deviance only when accompanied by negative emotions, such as anger or depression

Question 11

According to social bonds theory, some people abstain from deviance because they would have too much to lose in their lives if they became deviant. This refers to the social bond of

Accepted Answer

A)  belief. 
B)  involvement. 
C)  commitment. 
D)  attachment. 
E)  self-control.

Question 12

According to Merton's strain theory, what causes deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)  a gap between institutionalized goals and illegitimate means of achieving those goals 
B)  structure of society 
C)  availability of illegitimate opportunities 
D)  breakdown of social bonds due to rapid social change 
E)  the need to reduce societal tensions by "letting off steam."

Question 13

Which of the following theories have been criticized for identifying deviance and criminality as lower-class phenomena?

Accepted Answer

A)  Merton's strain theory 
B)  differential association theory 
C)  social bonds theory 
D)  social learning theory 
E)  self-control theory

Question 14

In response to the accusation that child beauty pageants attract pedophiles, the pageant contestants' mothers typically say that only someone who is "sick" themselves would even suggest that people would find these little girls "sexy". Which technique of neutralization are these mothers using?

Accepted Answer

A)  denial of injury 
B)  denial of responsibility 
C)  condemnation of the condemners 
D)  denial of the victim 
E)  appealing to higher loyalties

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios reflects social learning theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alexei begins taking anabolic steroids when he notices the muscular, popular boys at school taking them 
B)  Kristin has always had a bad relationship with her parents, and begins taking drugs 
C)  a male cross-dresser rationalizes his behaviour by saying to himself, "I'm not hurting anyone" 
D)  a group of low-income boys who are failing their classes start hanging out together, and begin vandalizing property 
E)  Erika decides that if she is ever going to achieve the "American Dream", she is going to have to break a few rules at work

Question 16

Explain the use of "homework drugs" among university students, according to Agnew's general strain theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the use of "homework drugs" among...

Question 17

Differentiate between the behavioural and the psychological measurements of self-control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differentiate between the behavioural and the psychological...

Question 18

Which function of deviance is served by collectively manufacturing an evil enemy image directed at "terrorists"?

Accepted Answer

A)  helping society determine its moral boundaries 
B)  reducing societal tensions by "letting off steam" 
C)  increasing social solidarity 
D)  testing society's boundaries 
E)  preventing harm

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of positivist theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  emancipatory interest 
B)  technical interest in the mastery of the environment 
C)  value-orienting foundation 
D)  foundation in symbolic dialogue 
E)  interest in events that may be unique and unrepeatable

Question 20

What criticisms have been directed at functionalist theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  they are teleological 
B)  they are tautological 
C)  they have a conservative bias 
D)  they have an androcentric bias 
E)  functionalist theories have been criticized for being teleological, tautological, conservative, and androcentric

Exam 2: Explaining Deviance: The Act

According to functionalist theorists, after people "let off steam" through minor Acts of deviance, various processes motivate them to return to their acceptable Roles in society. Which process would include sending someone to jail?

According to Emile Durkheim, a certain level of deviance is functional for society.

According to empirical tests of Agnew's general strain theory, women who are very successful at goal achievement are more likely to engage in purging, because of their intense perfectionism.

Social theories of crime largely replaced biological theories of crime by the mid-20th century.

According to the general theory of crime, low levels of self-control are relatively stable throughout life.

According to Lauritsen (1994) , for which of the following groups of adolescents does strain increase the frequency of unprotected sexual activity?

According to social learning theory, what are the four sources of all behaviour and how can this lead to deviance?

Which of the following statements about microanomie is true?

According to social bonds theory, some people abstain from deviance because they would have too much to lose in their lives if they became deviant. This refers to the social bond of

According to Merton's strain theory, what causes deviance?

Which of the following theories have been criticized for identifying deviance and criminality as lower-class phenomena?

In response to the accusation that child beauty pageants attract pedophiles, the pageant contestants' mothers typically say that only someone who is "sick" themselves would even suggest that people would find these little girls "sexy". Which technique of neutralization are these mothers using?

Which of the following scenarios reflects social learning theory?

Explain the use of "homework drugs" among university students, according to Agnew's general strain theory.

Differentiate between the behavioural and the psychological measurements of self-control.

Which function of deviance is served by collectively manufacturing an evil enemy image directed at "terrorists"?

Which of the following is a characteristic of positivist theories?

What criticisms have been directed at functionalist theories?