Question 1

Which of the following statements concerning the sample standard deviation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sample standard deviation is a measure of the variation in responses. 
B)  Analysts reporting descriptive statistics for continuous measures should always report standard deviations along with mean values. 
C)  Standard deviation is meaningful and appropriate only for interval- and nominal-level measures. 
D)  An analyst must be aware of the concerns of spurious precision when reporting standard deviations. 
E)  Outliers can have a marked effect on the calculation of a standard deviation.

Question 2

An observation so different in magnitude from the rest of the observations that the analyst chooses to treat it as a special case is called a(n) ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An observation so different in magnitude from...

Question 3

A clothing manufacturer traditionally makes sweatshirts from three different fabrics, A, B and C. Over the years the percentages sold of each fabric are 50, 35, and 15, respectively. Recently, the manufacturer began producing running suits from the same three fabrics. During the first three months of production, the company received orders for 6,500 suits made from fabric A, 3,400 from fabric B, and 2,700 from fabric C.
-Refer to Exhibit 12.4. What is the value of the test statistic useful for determining how well the pattern of sales (by fabric type) of the new running suit corresponds to the expected pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) 136.21 
B) 584.81 
C) 0.973 
D) 422.13 
E)  None of the above.

Question 4

A researcher is interested in analyzing a set of nominal data to determine if the observed pattern of frequencies corresponds to the expected pattern. The appropriate statistical technique is:

Accepted Answer

A)  chi-square goodness-of-fit. 
B)  regression analysis. 
C)  z-test for comparing sample proportion against a standard. 
D)  z-test for comparing sample mean against a standard. 
E)  frequency analysis.

Question 5

A statistical test to determine whether some observed pattern of frequencies corresponds to an expected pattern is called a chi-square goodness-of-fit test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

You can "prove" that the alternative hypothesis is true if the null hypothesis is rejected.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Use the information below to answer the questions.
A major car manufacturer was interested in whether its midsize car was selling consistently in two markets with respect to the annual income of the car purchasers. 500 new car buyers in Chicago and Miami were surveyed. In Chicago the following pattern was observed:
  
Among those surveyed in Miami, 20 earned under $20,000; 70 earned between $20,000 and $30,000; 265 earned between $30,000 and $40,000; 125 earned between $40,000 and $50,000; and 20 earned more than $50,000.
-Refer to Exhibit 12.3. The chi-square test was used to check whether Miami sales among income groups were consistent with Chicago's. The appropriate degrees of freedom for the chi-square test would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  5 
C)  500 
D)  499 
E)  None of the above.

Question 8

A researcher had calculated the sample chi-square test statistic to be equal to x2= 7.71. For an alpha level of 0.10 and 4 degrees of freedom, the critical value of the chi-square statistic is 7.78. The appropriate conclusion is that the

Accepted Answer

A)  sample result is likely to be attributed to chance alone. 
B)  null hypothesis should not be rejected. 
C)  null hypothesis should be rejected. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  alternative hypothesis is true.

Question 9

In estimating the standard deviation in the population for the formula for calculating the sample size for estimating a mean, we can use some prior knowledge about the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sample to estimate our standard deviation. 
B)  population, undertake a pilot study or estimate the range, and divide by 10. 
C)  population, undertake a pilot study or estimate the range, and divide by 6. 
D)  Either of the two; b or c would work. 
E)  None of the above; if you do not have the actual standard deviation, you cannot use the formula.

Question 10

The ____________________ is a statistical test to determine whether some observed pattern of frequencies corresponds to and expected pattern.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ is a statistical test to...

Question 11

To calculate sampling error for a proportion, which of the following pieces of information is NOT needed?

Accepted Answer

A)  The z-score representing the desired degree of confidence. 
B)  The number of valid cases overall for the proportion. 
C)  The sample standard deviation. 
D)  The relevant proportion obtained from the sample. 
E)  All of the above are relevant and necessary pieces of information for the calculation of sampling error for a proportion.

Question 12

Which of the following is FALSE about the use of percentages when reporting results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unless decimals have a special purpose, they should be omitted. 
B)  Percentages should be rounded to whole numbers. 
C)  Decimals may convey greater accuracy than the figures can support. 
D)  It is unnecessary and redundant to include percentages along with the raw count for frequency analyses. 
E)  All of the above are true concerning the use of percentages when reporting results.

Question 13

Suppose that a random sample of 550 new car owners found that 38 percent of them were aware of a particular brand of tires that your company sells. If you are willing to accept less than a 5 percent chance of error that the true awareness rate of your company's brand of tire across all new car owners is less than 0.45, which statistical technique should you use from this data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Test for a single proportion 
B)  Test of two means when samples are independent. 
C)  Test for a single mean. 
D)  Test of two means when samples are dependent. 
E)  ANOVA

Question 14

The logic of hypothesis testing is that if we assume that the hypothesized value is the population parameter, then, at the 95% level of confidence, if we took 100 separate samples, the z-value for 95 of those samples would fall between + or - 1.96.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

-Refer to Exhibit 12.1. The median income in the above figure is

Accepted Answer

A)  $10,000. 
B)  $20,000. 
C)  $30,000. 
D)  $50,000. 
E)  $100,000.

Question 16

Which types of measurement are used to group respondents or objects into groups or categories and are thus referred to as categorical measures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nominal and interval 
B)  Ordinal and ratio 
C)  Ratio and interval 
D)  Nominal and ordinal 
E)  Ordinal and interval

Question 17

The hypothesis that a proposed result is not true for the population is called the ____________________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hypothesis that a proposed result is...

Question 18

-Refer to Exhibit 12.1. $50,000 represents the ____ in the figure above.

Accepted Answer

A)  median. 
B)  sixtieth percentile. 
C)  third quartile. 
D)  seventieth percentile. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  The typical goal is to reject the alternative hypothesis in favor of the null hypothesis. 
B)  A hypothesis may be rejected but can never be accepted completely. 
C)  Marketing research studies attempt to prove results. 
D)  The null hypothesis is assumed to be false for the purpose of the test. 
E)  All of the above are true about hypothesis testing.

Question 20

Which of the following would NOT be an example of a situation involving univariate analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A publisher of a magazine is interested in determining what proportion of the magazine's readers is male. 
B)  A restaurant would like to know the average income of its typical diner. 
C)  A car dealership is particularly interested in whether or not people who own vans are more or less likely to finance auto purchases compared with people who don't own vans. 
D)  A service provider needs to know her customer's average level of satisfaction with the services provided. 
E)  All of the above are examples for which univariate analysis could be performed.

Exam 12: Analysis & Interpretation: Individual Variables Independently

Which of the following statements concerning the sample standard deviation is FALSE?

An observation so different in magnitude from the rest of the observations that the analyst chooses to treat it as a special case is called a(n) ____________________.

A researcher is interested in analyzing a set of nominal data to determine if the observed pattern of frequencies corresponds to the expected pattern. The appropriate statistical technique is:

A statistical test to determine whether some observed pattern of frequencies corresponds to an expected pattern is called a chi-square goodness-of-fit test.

You can "prove" that the alternative hypothesis is true if the null hypothesis is rejected.

A researcher had calculated the sample chi-square test statistic to be equal to x²= 7.71. For an alpha level of 0.10 and 4 degrees of freedom, the critical value of the chi-square statistic is 7.78. The appropriate conclusion is that the

In estimating the standard deviation in the population for the formula for calculating the sample size for estimating a mean, we can use some prior knowledge about the:

The ____________________ is a statistical test to determine whether some observed pattern of frequencies corresponds to and expected pattern.

To calculate sampling error for a proportion, which of the following pieces of information is NOT needed?

Which of the following is FALSE about the use of percentages when reporting results?

The logic of hypothesis testing is that if we assume that the hypothesized value is the population parameter, then, at the 95% level of confidence, if we took 100 separate samples, the z-value for 95 of those samples would fall between + or - 1.96.

-Refer to Exhibit 12.1. The median income in the above figure is

Which types of measurement are used to group respondents or objects into groups or categories and are thus referred to as categorical measures?

The hypothesis that a proposed result is not true for the population is called the ____________________ hypothesis.

-Refer to Exhibit 12.1. $50,000 represents the ____ in the figure above.

Which of the following is TRUE about hypothesis testing?

Which of the following would NOT be an example of a situation involving univariate analysis?