Question 1

The terms "growth" and "development" are

Accepted Answer

A)  synonymous. 
B)  opposites. 
C)  different; growth refers to changes in quality,whereas development refers to changes in quantity. 
D)  different; growth refers to changes in quantity whereas development refers to changes in quality.

Question 2

According to Piaget,which of the following represents a scheme for infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Things I can put in my mouth 
B)  Things I can grab 
C)  Things I can see from my crib 
D)  All of these

Question 3

According to the textbook,the development of language is due entirely to biology (nature).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In naturalistic observation studies,the researcher tries to change or alter the environment they are observing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Erikson

Accepted Answer

A) people distinguished by cultural heritage 
B) distinct periods which occur in an orderly sequence 
C) theory of psychosocial development 
D) the building blocks of heredity 
E) subjects who do not receive treatment
F)stimulus,response,consequence
G)similar behavior in same-age peers
H)first year of life
I)number ranging from +1.00 to -1.00
J)standardized intelligence test
K)relationships between living organisms and their environment
L)begins in the third year of life
M)quantities that can vary
N)decreases undesired behavior
O)create a new schema
P)cross-cultural studies
Q)increases desired behavior
R)Pavlov
S)study of how behaviors specific to a species help them adapt
T)tabula rasa

Question 6

Piaget saw children as

Accepted Answer

A)  budding scientists. 
B)  ignorant blank slates. 
C)  at the mercy of instinctive impulses. 
D)  passive vessels waiting to be filled with knowledge.

Question 7

Dr.Flynn studies children's thought processes.She asks research questions regarding the size of a child's short-term memory and how many programs the child can run simultaneously.Dr.Flynn's research is representative of which type of theoretical orientation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biological 
B)  Cognitive developmental 
C)  Behavioral 
D)  Information processing

Question 8

Sociocultural theory

Accepted Answer

A)  illuminates the interplay between genetics and development. 
B)  addresses the impact of diverse systems on children. 
C)  explores the importance of the unconscious on child development. 
D)  None of these

Question 9

Birds reared in isolation have been known to build nests,even if they have never seen another bird building a nest,or a nest itself.These built-in,instinctive behaviors are referred to by ethologists as

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed action patterns. 
B)  learned behavioral tendencies. 
C)  survival mechanisms. 
D)  reflexes.

Question 10

According to Freud,where in consciousness does the psychic structure called the id reside?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preconscious 
B)  Conscious 
C)  Unconscious 
D)  It varies throughout life

Question 11

Cynthia's mother gives her an apple each day and tells her that apples are "fruit." However,one day,Cynthia's mother gives her an orange.She tells Cynthia this is also "fruit." What happens to Cynthia's scheme of "fruit?"

Accepted Answer

A)  She assimilates the new information about oranges into the existing scheme. 
B)  She ignores the new information about oranges. 
C)  She accommodates the information so that her scheme now includes apples and oranges. 
D)  She eliminates the concept of apple and now her scheme of fruit only contains oranges.

Question 12

Who is credited with founding child development as an academic discipline and used questionnaires to study the "contents of children's minds?"

Accepted Answer

A)  John Watson 
B)  G.Stanley Hall 
C)  Jean Piaget 
D)  John Locke

Question 13

The concept of shaping suggests

Accepted Answer

A)  we can teach complex behaviors by reinforcing small steps toward behavioral goals. 
B)  children will behave the way they behave regardless of parental intervention. 
C)  children learn through observation only. 
D)  children will engage in more disruptive behaviors if you ignore them.

Question 14

Quinn is 3 years old.He is unable to focus on two aspects of a situation at once.According to Piaget,this indicates that Quinn lacks conservation skills.What developmental stage is Quinn in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensorimotor 
B)  Concrete operations 
C)  Preoperational 
D)  Formal operations

Question 15

Tamika is learning how to tie her shoes.Her father praises her for crossing the shoelaces.Then,he praises her again as she learns to form one end into a loop.Slowly,Tamika learns how to tie a bow with the laces.This reinforcing of small steps toward a desired behavior is called

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  shaping.

Question 16

A conditioned stimulus is one that occurs without prior learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Erikson's psychosocial theory deviates from Freud's psychosexual theory in that Erikson

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasized sexual and aggressive instincts. 
B)  emphasized social relationships and physical maturation. 
C)  extended Freud's five stages to 10 stages. 
D)  All of these

Question 18

Which thinker suggested that children are innately good?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
B)  John Locke 
C)  Alfred Binet 
D)  Sigmund Freud

Question 19

According to psychoanalytic perspectives,children and adults are caught in conflict.Early in development,this conflict takes place between the child and

Accepted Answer

A)  the external world. 
B)  their internal forces. 
C)  his/her superego. 
D)  the fixations the child develops during the psychosexual stages of development.

Question 20

Developmentalists seek to

Accepted Answer

A)  describe child development. 
B)  explain child development. 
C)  predict child development. 
D)  All of the above

Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

The terms "growth" and "development" are

According to Piaget,which of the following represents a scheme for infants?

According to the textbook,the development of language is due entirely to biology (nature).

In naturalistic observation studies,the researcher tries to change or alter the environment they are observing.

MATCHING Match the following: -Erikson

Piaget saw children as

Dr.Flynn studies children's thought processes.She asks research questions regarding the size of a child's short-term memory and how many programs the child can run simultaneously.Dr.Flynn's research is representative of which type of theoretical orientation?

Sociocultural theory

Birds reared in isolation have been known to build nests,even if they have never seen another bird building a nest,or a nest itself.These built-in,instinctive behaviors are referred to by ethologists as

According to Freud,where in consciousness does the psychic structure called the id reside?

Cynthia's mother gives her an apple each day and tells her that apples are "fruit." However,one day,Cynthia's mother gives her an orange.She tells Cynthia this is also "fruit." What happens to Cynthia's scheme of "fruit?"

Who is credited with founding child development as an academic discipline and used questionnaires to study the "contents of children's minds?"

The concept of shaping suggests

Quinn is 3 years old.He is unable to focus on two aspects of a situation at once.According to Piaget,this indicates that Quinn lacks conservation skills.What developmental stage is Quinn in?

Tamika is learning how to tie her shoes.Her father praises her for crossing the shoelaces.Then,he praises her again as she learns to form one end into a loop.Slowly,Tamika learns how to tie a bow with the laces.This reinforcing of small steps toward a desired behavior is called

A conditioned stimulus is one that occurs without prior learning.

Erikson's psychosocial theory deviates from Freud's psychosexual theory in that Erikson

Which thinker suggested that children are innately good?

According to psychoanalytic perspectives,children and adults are caught in conflict.Early in development,this conflict takes place between the child and

Developmentalists seek to