Question 1

In the "sleep list" false memory experiment, false memory occurs because of

Accepted Answer

A)  constructive memory processes. 
B)  verbatim recall. 
C)  the effect of scripts. 
D)  none of these

Question 2

Wei has allergy symptoms.He has gone to his regular doctor and an allergy specialist, but he wasn't given a prescription by either doctor.Instead, he was advised to buy any over-the-counter medicine.While he was in the specialist's waiting area, he read a magazine where he saw three ads for an allergy medicine called SneezeLess.A week later, in a drug store, Wei says to his brother, "My doctor says SneezeLess works great.I'll buy that one." Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess.Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors?

Accepted Answer

A)  MPI 
B)  Recovered memory 
C)  Schema confusion 
D)  Source monitoring

Question 3

Autobiographical memory research shows that a person's brain is more extensively activated when viewing photos
a. the person has seen before.
b. of familiar places.
c. they took themselves.
d. the person has never seen before.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Autobiographical memory research shows that a person's...

Question 4

An important application of memory research has been in understanding the nature of eyewitness testimony.Citing the research in your text, explain why people make errors in eyewitness testimony.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An important application of memory research has...

Question 5

Lindsay's misinformation effect experiment, in which participants were given a memory test about a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer, showed that participants are influenced by MPI

Accepted Answer

A)  if they believe the postevent information is correct. 
B)  only if the MPI is presented immediately after viewing the event. 
C)  even if they are told to ignore the postevent information. 
D)  if the MPI is consistent with social stereotypes.

Question 6

Arkes and Freedman's "baseball game" experiment asked participants to indicate whether the following sentence was present in a passage they had previously read about events in a game: "The batter was safe at first." Their findings showed inaccurate memories involved

Accepted Answer

A)  omissions of information that was presented. 
B)  participants who did not understand baseball and assumed more information was presented than actually was. 
C)  creations from inferences based on baseball knowledge. 
D)  confusions about presented information when it was ambiguous.

Question 7

The experiment for which people were asked to make fame judgments for both famous and non-famous names (and for which Sebastian Weissdorf was one of the names to be remembered)illustrated the effect of _____ on memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated rehearsal of distinctive names 
B)  source misattributions 
C)  encoding specificity 
D)  schemas

Question 8

Your text explains that one common type of human memory error involves source monitoring.Define source-monitoring errors.Then, describe some research that illustrates these errors.Finally, explain why these errors reinforce the characterization of memory as being "constructive."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your text explains that one common type...

Question 9

Suppose a friend tells you she has such a vivid memory of a personal event that it seems like a photograph.She wonders aloud about these kinds of memories and how they work.Explain to her the nature of flashbulb memories and what is known about them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose a friend tells you she has...

Question 10

Your text's discussion of eyewitness testimony illustrates that this type of memory is frequently influenced by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  failing to elaboratively rehearse these kinds of events due to fear. 
B)  inattention to relevant information due to the emotional nature of these events. 
C)  source-monitoring errors due to familiarity. 
D)  increased confidence due to postevent questioning.

Question 11

Much attention has been focused on the misinformation effect because it provides a powerful demonstration of how suggestion can distort our memory for events.Define this effect and discuss how it has been demonstrated.Then, explain three mechanisms proposed to account for the misinformation effect, describing the experiments that have been done to test these mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Much attention has been focused on the...

Question 12

The sleep list experiment, in which many people misremember the word "sleep" as being part of a list of words, is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a repeated recall error. 
B)  a disadvantage of memory's constructive nature. 
C)  misleading postevent information's influence on memory. 
D)  retroactive interference.

Question 13

In the "War of the Ghosts" experiment, participants' reproductions contained inaccuracies based on

Accepted Answer

A)  narrative rehearsal. 
B)  source misattributions. 
C)  cultural expectations. 
D)  shallow processing.

Question 14

Suppose that your friend has just done poorly on a very important college exam.She is complaining about her memory failures and wishing she could develop photographic-type memory to make life easier.Provide four separate pieces of evidence (experimental, case study, etc.)to develop a compelling argument about why it is actually beneficial that human memory is NOT like a video recorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that your friend has just done...

Question 15

Explain how familiarity can lead to memory errors.Describe experimental evidence to show how familiarity can lead to memory errors.Also, describe an eyewitness testimony example of this phenomenon.Finally, explain how familiarity can lead students to commit errors on a multiple choice exam.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how familiarity can lead to memory...

Question 16

"S," who had a photographic memory that was described as virtually limitless, was able to achieve many feats of memory.According to the discussion in your text, S's memory system operated _____ efficiently than normal.

Accepted Answer

A)  more 
B)  less

Question 17

Extrapolating from the cultural life script hypothesis, which of the following events would be easiest to recall?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retiring from work at age 40 
B)  Marrying at age 60 
C)  Graduating from college at age 22 
D)  Having a child at age 45

Question 18

Your text describes two experiments that measured people's memory for what they were doing when they heard about the terrorist attack on 9/11.Results of these experiments show that participants

Accepted Answer

A)  believed that their memories for the attack remained accurate over a 52-week period. 
B)  displayed memory for this flashbulb event that declined with time. 
C)  reported less vivid memories of 9/11 as time passed. 
D)  both believed their memories for the attack were accurate over a 52-week period and displayed memory for the flashbulb event that declined with time.

Question 19

Lindsay and coworkers "slime in the first-grade teacher's desk" experiment showed that presenting

Accepted Answer

A)  accounts of actual childhood events supplied by a participant's parent increased the likelihood of false memories. 
B)  accounts of actual childhood events supplied by a participant's parent decreased the likelihood of false memories. 
C)  a photograph of the participant's first-grade class increased the likelihood of false memories. 
D)  a photograph of the participant's first-grade class decreased the likelihood of false memories.

Question 20

Bartlett's experiment in which English participants were asked to recall the "War of the Ghosts" story that was taken from the French Indian culture illustrated the

Accepted Answer

A)  misinformation effect. 
B)  familiarity effect. 
C)  constructive nature of memory. 
D)  reminiscence bump.

Exam 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors