Identify the Appropriate Cost-Of-Quality (COQ) Category for Each of the Following

Essay

Identify the appropriate cost-of-quality (COQ) category for each of the following items:
1. Engineering time spent to simplify production processes.
2. Engineering time spent on engineering change orders to reduce the number of component used in a current product.
3. Scrap resulting from substandard materials undetected by the receiving personnel.
4. Rework to correct inconsistency caused by machine variability.
5. Preventive maintenance on machinery.
6. Product inspections.
7. Air freight to replace a defective part discovered by a customer.
8. Long-distance call to a customer who has experienced a quality failure.