Question 1

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder for the next test,then being given $1 is a form of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punishment 
B)  negative punishment 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  negative reinforcement

Question 2

Ellie hates it when her teenagers leave their dirty clothes on the floor.If Ellie decides to use the Premack principle to help her teens change their behavior,she should _______ to reward them for doing a less valued activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  give a primary reinforcer 
B)  give a secondary reinforcer 
C)  use shaping 
D)  promise them a more valued activity

Question 3

Sampson is a dolphin trainer who trains his dolphins to perform tasks by blowing a high-pitched whistle,the sound of which dolphins enjoy,immediately after the dolphins do the task.Sampson is using _______ reinforcers to train the dolphins.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  negative 
C)  secondary 
D)  variable

Question 4

A cat has been classically conditioned to purr when it hears the door open to the refrigerator where its food is kept.But the cat does not purr when it hears the sound of the pantry door opening,where none of its food is kept.The fact that the cat shows the conditioned response,purring,only for the sound associated with the conditioned stimulus is most likely a result of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus discrimination 
B)  spontaneous recovery 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  extinction

Question 5

In the wild,when Arctic wolves hunt,their efforts are only sometimes reinforced because finding food is difficult.The fact that the wolves are only sometimes reinforced for hunting is an example of _______ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  partial 
B)  continuous 
C)  ratio 
D)  fixed

Question 6

Ian,who is 3 years old,was watching his father hammer a nail to join two pieces of wood together.If Ian learns how to hammer wood together after this experience,it is most likely the result of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning 
B)  modeling 
C)  shaping 
D)  vicarious conditioning

Question 7

You learned about classical conditioning in your introductory psychology class and are explaining it to your roommate.You tell him that a main outcome of Pavlov's research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  when it elicits an innate response 
B)  with the presence of punishment 
C)  after pairing it with a stimulus that triggers a reflexive response 
D)  simply by observing that stimulus

Question 8

Maggie's partner always feels hungry at 7:00 PM.Maggie decides to play a particular song for her partner at 7:00 PM for several nights in a row.One night,Maggie plays the song at 5:30 PM and her partner says,"Huh ...I suddenly feel hungry." In this situation,classical conditioning occurred because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Maggie presents dinner before playing the song for her partner 
B)  the song naturally causes her friend's stomach to growl 
C)  Maggie paired a neutral stimulus, a song, with an unconditioned stimulus, a certain time of day when her partner always felt hungry 
D)  Maggie plays the song when the partner first arrives home and then waits an hour to serve dinner

Question 9

Dr.Shaw has a patient who has a phobia of spiders and also loves doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.Dr.Shaw is using _______ to treat his patient's phobia.

Accepted Answer

A)  second-order conditioning 
B)  systematic desensitization 
C)  modeling 
D)  counterconditioning

Question 10

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus,the metronome,without the unconditioned stimulus,the food,the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome.In classical conditioning,this process is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition 
B)  extinction 
C)  spontaneous recovery 
D)  stimulus generalization

Question 11

Antonio has a fear of heights.He is consulting with a therapist so that he can take a trip to visit his cousin,who lives in Europe.
a) What is systematic desensitization?
b) How is systematic desensitization different from counterconditioning?
c) What is the most important feature of systematic desensitization? How could systematic desensitization be used to treat Antonio's fear?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antonio has a fear of heights.He is...

Question 12

Fallon is afraid of loud sounds,like thunder.He associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder.Thus,when Fallon sees lightning,he braces himself for hearing a big boom several seconds later.Fallon has experienced learning by associating two stimuli,which is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  sensitization 
D)  observational learning

Question 13

Advertisers use classical conditioning in their commercials by showing ads.For example,they pair something that reflexively elicits pleasant feelings,such as the face of the actor Brad Pitt,with a product,such as the perfume Chanel No 5.If Brad Pitt elicits a response from you that is innate and does not require any prior learning,he is being used as a(n)_______.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  conditioned stimulus 
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 14

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the conditioned stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n)_______,such as _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus; a light turning on 
B)  conditioned response; running away 
C)  unconditioned response; an increased heartbeat 
D)  unconditioned stimulus; a loud noise

Question 15

Samantha tells her roommate that negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar because they _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  remove a stimulus 
B)  decrease behavior 
C)  add a stimulus 
D)  increase behavior

Exam 6: Learning

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder for the next test,then being given $1 is a form of _______.

Ellie hates it when her teenagers leave their dirty clothes on the floor.If Ellie decides to use the Premack principle to help her teens change their behavior,she should _______ to reward them for doing a less valued activity.

Sampson is a dolphin trainer who trains his dolphins to perform tasks by blowing a high-pitched whistle,the sound of which dolphins enjoy,immediately after the dolphins do the task.Sampson is using _______ reinforcers to train the dolphins.

In the wild,when Arctic wolves hunt,their efforts are only sometimes reinforced because finding food is difficult.The fact that the wolves are only sometimes reinforced for hunting is an example of _______ reinforcement.

Ian,who is 3 years old,was watching his father hammer a nail to join two pieces of wood together.If Ian learns how to hammer wood together after this experience,it is most likely the result of _______.

You learned about classical conditioning in your introductory psychology class and are explaining it to your roommate.You tell him that a main outcome of Pavlov's research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus _______.

Dr.Shaw has a patient who has a phobia of spiders and also loves doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.Dr.Shaw is using _______ to treat his patient's phobia.

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus,the metronome,without the unconditioned stimulus,the food,the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome.In classical conditioning,this process is called _______.

Fallon is afraid of loud sounds,like thunder.He associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder.Thus,when Fallon sees lightning,he braces himself for hearing a big boom several seconds later.Fallon has experienced learning by associating two stimuli,which is called _______.

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the conditioned stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n) _,such as _.

Samantha tells her roommate that negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar because they _______.

Exam 6: Learning

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder for the next test,then being given $1 is a form of _______.

Ellie hates it when her teenagers leave their dirty clothes on the floor.If Ellie decides to use the Premack principle to help her teens change their behavior,she should _______ to reward them for doing a less valued activity.

Sampson is a dolphin trainer who trains his dolphins to perform tasks by blowing a high-pitched whistle,the sound of which dolphins enjoy,immediately after the dolphins do the task.Sampson is using _______ reinforcers to train the dolphins.

In the wild,when Arctic wolves hunt,their efforts are only sometimes reinforced because finding food is difficult.The fact that the wolves are only sometimes reinforced for hunting is an example of _______ reinforcement.

Ian,who is 3 years old,was watching his father hammer a nail to join two pieces of wood together.If Ian learns how to hammer wood together after this experience,it is most likely the result of _______.

You learned about classical conditioning in your introductory psychology class and are explaining it to your roommate.You tell him that a main outcome of Pavlov's research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus _______.

Dr.Shaw has a patient who has a phobia of spiders and also loves doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.Dr.Shaw is using _______ to treat his patient's phobia.

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus,the metronome,without the unconditioned stimulus,the food,the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome.In classical conditioning,this process is called _______.

Fallon is afraid of loud sounds,like thunder.He associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder.Thus,when Fallon sees lightning,he braces himself for hearing a big boom several seconds later.Fallon has experienced learning by associating two stimuli,which is called _______.

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the conditioned stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n) _______,such as _______.

Samantha tells her roommate that negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar because they _______.

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the conditioned stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n) _,such as _.