Question 1

When answering such questions as "Who was your date to the Junior Prom?" or "Which costume did you wear last Halloween?" you are relying most explicitly on the memory process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding. 
B)  potentiation. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  storage.

Question 2

Middle-aged Mrs.Lovett is recalling her first Christmas as a young newlywed at her in-laws' Wyoming ranch.This is a(n)_____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural 
B)  implicit 
C)  autobiographical 
D)  non-declarative

Question 3

The levels-of-processing approach suggests:

Accepted Answer

A)  that specific information will be retained for longer when the level of information processing is deeper. 
B)  the existence of the three separate memory stores: sensory memory,shot-term memory,and long-term memory. 
C)  that the lesser the intensity of the initial processing of information,the more likely we are to remember it. 
D)  that when the initial level of processing of specific information is shallow,the information will be retained for longer.

Question 4

You examine the schedule for your favorite soccer team.The team plays sixteen games each season.Later,you try recalling that schedule for a friend who likes the same team you do.Chances are,you will recall opponents at the beginning of the schedule particularly well.This is an example of the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  list 
B)  consolidation 
C)  primacy 
D)  depth-of-processing

Question 5

A(n)is a meaningful group of stimuli that can be stored as a unit in short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)is a meaningful group of stimuli that...

Question 6

_____ is a memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives.

Accepted Answer

A)  Recall 
B)  Recognition 
C)  Rehearsal 
D)  Chunk

Question 7

Distinguish between explicit and implicit memory.How is implicit memory studied in the laboratory? How does implicit memory research inform the continuing debate in psychology regarding the unconscious determinants of behavior? In your answer,make explicit reference to behaviors that may have important personal and social consequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between explicit and implicit memory.How is...

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE of the neuroscience of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the process of long-term potentiation,memories become fixed and stable in long-term memory. 
B)  The process called consolidation shows that certain neural pathways become easily excited while a new response is being learned. 
C)  The initial encoding of information aided by the amygdala is passed along to the hippocampus where it is actually stored. 
D)  The engram is the physical memory trace in the brain that corresponds to a memory.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of sensory memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The precision of sensory memory is low due to its brief duration. 
B)  Sensory memory is the memory store in which information first has meaning. 
C)  Sensory memory permits us to keep information in an active state briefly so that we can do something with the information. 
D)  Sensory memory can store an almost exact replica of each stimulus to which it is exposed.

Question 10

Which of the following alternatives best expresses psychologist Elizabeth Loftus' position on the validity of repressed memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repressed memories are often false.They reflect confusion regarding the source of a memory. 
B)  Repressed memories are often false.They reflect an impairment of implicit memory mechanisms. 
C)  Repressed memories are often false.They reflect a failure of maintenance rehearsal. 
D)  Repressed memories are often true.They reflect the operation of defense mechanisms protecting us from unpleasant or disturbing thoughts.

Question 11

Which of the following is the best reason that we have trouble remembering the license plate number of a car that we just passed ten minutes ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  Working memory lasts only a minute or so. 
B)  License plate numbers are too difficult to remember easily. 
C)  We probably never encoded the number in the first place. 
D)  The memory,though present,is too difficult to retrieve except under special circumstances,such as hypnosis or substantial amounts of stress.

Question 12

Grouping pieces of information together to expand the effective capacity of short-term memory is termed _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  chunking 
B)  clumping 
C)  consolidating 
D)  compacting

Question 13

When you tell an acquaintance your telephone number,you do not recite the digits one by one at a constant rate,as in "3,3,7,2,3,4,8,3,9,2." Rather,you might say,"3,3,7 ...2,3,4 ...83,92." This exemplifies _____,a strategy to enhance _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  consolidation;sensory 
B)  consolidation;short-term 
C)  chunking;sensory 
D)  chunking;short-term

Question 14

A typical multiple-choice question on a psychology test is an example of both a _____ and an _____ test of memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  recall;implicit 
B)  recall;explicit 
C)  recognition;implicit 
D)  recognition;explicit

Question 15

Long-term potentiation refers to the process whereby:

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of synaptic and dendritic connections between neurons increases with experience. 
B)  memories become fixed and stable in the long term. 
C)  neural pathways become activated more easily as learning occurs. 
D)  disturbing memories seem to gain in intensity over time.

Question 16

You have just listened to your current favorite song on your iPod.You can still hear traces of the final chorus,even though the song has just ended.For a few seconds,the song will be represented in auditory sensory memory,or memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have just listened to your current...

Question 17

"I know it! It''s um ...um ...It starts with 'G'," begins a trivia-game contestant excitedly.The contestant is falling prey to the _____ phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A)  tip-of-the-tongue 
B)  flashbulb memory 
C)  motivated forgetting 
D)  retrograde interference

Question 18

A research participant is required to report as much of a poem as he can remember,immediately after having read the poem once.We would expect the greatest number of recall errors in lines:

Accepted Answer

A)  at the beginning of the poem. 
B)  in the middle of the poem. 
C)  at the end of the poem. 
D)  anywhere in the poem.

Question 19

I was a second-semester freshman.I was eating fries in the college cafeteria when my friend Liz came up.She was wearing that plaid coat with her yellow skirt,along with that moss-green embroidered bag,the one with a Grecian urn embroidered on it.She told me the shuttle blew up.This is my memory of the 1986 Challenger disaster.

Accepted Answer

The answer of I was a second-semester freshman.I was eating...

Question 20

"It's like riding a bike;once you know how,you don't forget." This adage suggests that procedural memories do not require conscious attempts at recall;that is,procedural memories are often .

Accepted Answer

The answer of "It's like riding a bike;once you know...

Exam 6: Memory