Question 1

Susan believes that Mr. Ryan, who supervises her employees, definitely has room for improvement in the way he communicates with the employees. However, she feels uncomfortable saying anything bad about anybody, so she rates Mr. Ryan's performance higher than his performance actually deserves. Which type of perceptual error is Susan communicating?

Accepted Answer

A)  Halo
B)  Leniency
C)  Central tendency
D)  Recency effects
E)  Contrast effects B

Question 2

_____ is a perceptual error that refers to a personal characteristic that leads a person to consistently evaluate other people or objects in an extremely positive fashion.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrast effect
B)  Recency effect
C)  Central tendency
D)  Leniency
E)  Halo D

Question 3

David's boss has observed that David took about 12 hours to perform task A, B, and C. However, he took 24 hours to complete task D. David's boss concluded that task D must have been tougher than the other tasks. Which of the following attributional information led David's boss to this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)   High distinctiveness
B)   High consensus
C)   Low consensus
D)   High consistency
E)   Low distinctiveness E

Question 4

Which of the following stimuli would be most salient?

Accepted Answer

A)  A twelve-year-old student in an MBA class.
B)  A 250-pound man at a meeting of the National Football league Players' Association.
C)  A Mobil gas station sign when you have a full tank of gas.
D)  A McDonald's restaurant sign right after you've eaten breakfast.
E)  An 85-pound girl at a gymnastic class.

Question 5

Semantic memory describes the appropriate sequence of events in well-known situations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

As employees age, they typically experience _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher job satisfaction
B)  higher accident rates
C)  higher absenteeism
D)  less organizational commitment
E)  less internal work motivation

Question 7

The _____ represents one's tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias
B)  self-fulfilling prophesy
C)  attribution error
D)  Golem effect
E)  fundamental attribution bias

Question 8

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Older employees quit less often than do younger employees.
B)  Age is positively related to involuntary absenteeism (being sick) .
C)  Older workers are more likely to take days off for recreational and other personal activities than younger workers.
D)  Managers should focus more attention on the turnover and absenteeism among older workers than among younger workers.
E)  Employees' job involvement reduces as they grow older.

Question 9

Jordan's football coach continuously pushes her to train harder. He tells her that he believes she has the potential to be a star player. Even though Jordan started out a mediocre player with little belief in her abilities, her coach's pep talk led her to try harder, until finally she scored the winning goal at the final game. Which of the following best explains this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Galatea effect
B)  The self-fulfilling prophecy
C)  The fundamental attribution bias
D)  The self-serving bias
E)  The Golem effect

Question 10

One source of inaccurate performance appraisals is faulty schemata about what constitutes good versus poor performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements about stereotyping is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stereotyping facilitates better hiring decisions.
B)  All stereotypes are positive.
C)  All stereotypes are negative.
D)  Stereotyping requires a great deal of cognitive effort.
E)  Stereotyping is a self-reinforcing process.

Question 12

The essence of the Pygmalion effect is that people's past experiences determine their behavior and performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Sharon observes her co-worker Robert being rude to a newcomer. She has seen this behavior in Robert whenever the company hires new people. She decides that Robert is being a bully and asks him to stop. Which of the following stages of information processing has Sharon just undergone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selective attention/comprehension
B)  Encoding and simplification
C)  Storage and retention
D)  Retrieval and response
E)  Implicit cognition

Question 14

You are trying to concentrate during an examination but you get distracted by the sound of another student tapping her pencil on her desk. Which of the following stages of the information processing model are you in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selective attention/comprehension
B)  Encoding and simplification
C)  Storage and retention
D)  Retrieval and response
E)  Recognition

Question 15

In the encoding process, different individuals tend to have the same interpretation and evaluation of the same person or event.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Event memory functions as a mental dictionary of concepts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Attention is the process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A sex-role stereotype is the belief that traits and abilities make men and women particularly well suited for different roles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Another name for the Pygmalion effect is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias
B)  selective attention
C)  fundamental attribution bias
D)  self-fulfilling prophecy
E)  stereotyping

Question 20

Describe the process by which stereotypes are formed and maintained.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the process by which stereotypes are...

Exam 7: Social Perception and Attributions

_____ is a perceptual error that refers to a personal characteristic that leads a person to consistently evaluate other people or objects in an extremely positive fashion.

David's boss has observed that David took about 12 hours to perform task A, B, and C. However, he took 24 hours to complete task D. David's boss concluded that task D must have been tougher than the other tasks. Which of the following attributional information led David's boss to this conclusion?

Which of the following stimuli would be most salient?

Semantic memory describes the appropriate sequence of events in well-known situations.

As employees age, they typically experience _____.

The _____ represents one's tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure.

Which of the following is true?

One source of inaccurate performance appraisals is faulty schemata about what constitutes good versus poor performance.

Which of the following statements about stereotyping is true?

The essence of the Pygmalion effect is that people's past experiences determine their behavior and performance.

Sharon observes her co-worker Robert being rude to a newcomer. She has seen this behavior in Robert whenever the company hires new people. She decides that Robert is being a bully and asks him to stop. Which of the following stages of information processing has Sharon just undergone?

You are trying to concentrate during an examination but you get distracted by the sound of another student tapping her pencil on her desk. Which of the following stages of the information processing model are you in?

In the encoding process, different individuals tend to have the same interpretation and evaluation of the same person or event.

Event memory functions as a mental dictionary of concepts.

Attention is the process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone.

A sex-role stereotype is the belief that traits and abilities make men and women particularly well suited for different roles.

Another name for the Pygmalion effect is _____.

Describe the process by which stereotypes are formed and maintained.