Question 1

Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n)____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) technological 
B) epidemiological 
C) in vitro 
D) pathological

Question 2

Pellagra is an infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

Accepted Answer

A) FTC 
B) NRC 
C) EPA 
D) FDA

Question 4

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of zinc supplements on the human immune system.The study involves providing pills that contain zinc to one group of human subjects,and pills that do not contain zinc or other active ingredients to another group of people.The pills that do not contain zinc are

Accepted Answer

A) placebos. 
B) supplements. 
C) probiotics. 
D) antidotes.

Question 5

A group of researchers wants to determine whether certain dietary factors are associated with the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The scientists follow a group of 500 healthy newborn babies for 10 years and collect health information as well as dietary practices for each child.At the end of the study period,the scientists analyze the data for correlations between the children's dietary practices and their likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD.This is an example of a _____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) prospective 
B) retrospective 
C) factorial 
D) hypothetical

Question 6

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain?

Accepted Answer

A) Double-blind 
B) Cohort 
C) Conventional 
D) Single-blind

Question 7

The physician who studied pellagra in 1914 was ______.

Accepted Answer

A) Joseph Lister 
B) Robert Cook 
C) Joseph Goldberger 
D) Joseph Smith

Question 8

Dr.Joseph Goldberger's scientific finding about the cause of pellagra was not welcomed by members of the medical community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Having a control group enables researchers to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) avoid using harmful interventions when testing control subjects' responses 
B) provide specific treatments to participants of the group 
C) explore possible hypotheses for future research efforts 
D) compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group

Question 10

Which of the following periodicals features peer-reviewed articles?

Accepted Answer

A) Journal of the American Medical Association 
B) National Geographic Magazine 
C) Ladies Home Journal 
D) Men's Journal

Question 11

A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of obesity.Which of the following activities is not likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Accepted Answer

A) Posting findings at the main researcher's Internet website 
B) Collecting data and analyzing results 
C) Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal 
D) Making observations and formulating a hypothesis

Question 12

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely.His endorsement of the product is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) a scientifically valid claim 
B) peer review 
C) a testimonial 
D) unbiased reporting

Question 13

Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes,and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease.For 18 months,the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants.According to the study's findings,the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes.This is an example of a(n)_____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) prospective 
B) anecdotal 
C) case-control 
D) inverse relationship

Question 14

A physician who hosts a popular TV show makes several nutrition-related claims during one of the programs.Which of the doctor's claims is a "red flag" of unreliable information?

Accepted Answer

A) Niacin cures pellagrA. 
B) Not all doctors are nutrition experts. 
C) The "placebo effect" often occurs in controlled studies involving human subjects. 
D) Kava cures migraine headaches.

Question 15

Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups of 50 people.One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria,and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria free.The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not.The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record the their bowel habits.This is an example of a(n)____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) double-blind 
B) hypothetical 
C) introspective 
D) uncontrolled

Question 16

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children.Based on this information,the researchers should design a(n)_____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) double-blind 
B) in vivo 
C) epidemiological 
D) conventional

Question 17

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups.To test their hypothesis,the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices.This research is a _____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) retrospective 
B) case-control 
C) prospective 
D) hypothetical

Question 18

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) 
B) Federal Trade Commission (FT
C)  
C) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C)  
D) Environmental Protection Agency (EP
A)

Question 19

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

Accepted Answer

A) dietsnomore4u.com 
B) purdue.edu 
C) eatright.org 
D) choosemyplate.gov

Question 20

During a television interview,Dr.Ima Quack provides the following statement,"Most Americans suffer from nutritional-deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr.Quack's statement is an example of a(n)______.

Accepted Answer

A) scare tactic 
B) personal observation 
C) medical hypothesis 
D) intuitive deduction

Exam 2: Evaluating Nutrition Information

Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ____ study.