Question 1

A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men.His study design involves enrolling 250 adult men who have stomach cancer,and 250 men who are cancer free,but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer.The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle.Based on this information,what kind of study is the researcher conducting?

Accepted Answer

A) Cohort 
B) Case-control 
C) In vivo 
D) Experimental

Question 2

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?

Accepted Answer

A) Retrospective study 
B) Single-blind study 
C) Double-blind study 
D) Experimental study

Question 3

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets.If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

Accepted Answer

A) MD 
B) MS 
C) RD 
D) DN

Question 4

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D supplements on the adult human immune system.The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human adults,and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of adults.The pills that do not contain vitamin D are ______.

Accepted Answer

A) placebos 
B) interventions 
C) distractors 
D) antidotes

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one well-respected team of nutrition researchers. 
B) Since 1995,nutrition information has undergone few updates,because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions. 
C) A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings. 
D) The results of one study are usually enough to convince the majority of nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics.

Question 6

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system.The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects,and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people.The pills that do not contain the vitamin are ______.

Accepted Answer

A) supplements 
B) probiotics 
C) placebos 
D) antidotes

Question 7

Generally,epidemiological studies ______.

Accepted Answer

A) prove positive correlations 
B) establish causation without experimentation 
C) involve in vitroexperimentation 
D) cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings. 
B) Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one team of nutrition researchers. 
C) Since 1970,nutrition information has undergone few updates,because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions. 
D) When interpreting results of their studies,researchers generally seek to include some bias into their analyses.

Question 9

The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) niacin 
B) biotin 
C) ascorbic acid 
D) vitamin K

Question 10

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) In general,personal websites,such as blogs,are not reliable sources of nutrition information. 
B) When evaluating claims for dietary supplements that appear at a website,be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies. 
C) The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information,because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed. 
D) Websites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information.

Question 11

Which of the following conditions are signs or symptoms of pellagra?

Accepted Answer

A) Mental confusion and scaly skin sores 
B) Blurred vision and dry eyes 
C) Constipation and mild fever 
D) Nasal congestion and trouble breathing

Question 12

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement Hoodia for weight loss.Her endorsement is an example of a(n)______.

Accepted Answer

A) anecdote 
B) factoid 
C) purport 
D) testimonial

Question 13

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily.He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because,he claims,the vitamin protects him from cold viruses.His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an ______.

Accepted Answer

A) in vitro assumption 
B) in vivo report 
C) introspection 
D) anecdote

Question 14

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product,because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable.The radio program host said,______.

Accepted Answer

A) "According to the FDA,this product is classified a dietary supplement,because it contains vitamins" 
B) "All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven" 
C) "This product contains sugar and certain artificial color and flavor additives" 
D) "The ingredients in this product are listed on the label"

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The EPA regulates the labeling of dietary supplement. 
B) The FDA can recall a dietary supplements when there is evidence that it is harmful. 
C) Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed. 
D) Manufacturers of dietary supplements must inform the FTC about negative health reports that may have resulted from the use of their products.

Question 16

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development.Phil suspects he is in the experimental group,because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers.When the study is completed,Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement.Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake-he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement.According to this information,Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) an anecdotal report 
B) human subject bias 
C) participant fatigue 
D) the placebo effect

Question 17

Scientists would like to conduct a study to identify lifestyle factors that are associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income American children.Which of the following research designs would be the best for the researchers to use when designing their study?

Accepted Answer

A) Human in vivo experimental 
B) Epidemiological 
C) Double-blind 
D) Interventional

Question 18

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) When a population's intake of plant foods decreases,the percentage of obese people in that population increases. 
B) When a population's vitamin D intake decreases,the percentage of people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases. 
C) When a population's level of vitamin C in white blood cells increases,the percentage of people in the population who develop scurvy decreases. 
D) When a population's level of physical activity increases,the percentage of people who develop heart disease decreases.

Question 19

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood.This study is an example of a ____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) retrospective 
B) prospective 
C) case-control 
D) macrosomatic

Question 20

A medical researcher reads an article in Today's Health-Conscious Woman magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain.She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for 2 weeks.At the end of the 2 weeks,the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved,stayed about the same,or worsened during the treatment period.After collecting responses from the people,the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor.Based on this information,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The researcher subjected the results of her study to peer review. 
B) The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups. 
C) The researcher reviewed scientific literature regarding the use of capsaicin to treat knee pain. 
D) The researcher used a standard scientific design for research involving human subjects.

Exam 2: Evaluating Nutrition Information

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets.If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

Which of the following statements is true?

Generally,epidemiological studies ______.

Which of the following statements is true?

The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is ______.

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following conditions are signs or symptoms of pellagra?

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement Hoodia for weight loss.Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ______.

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily.He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because,he claims,the vitamin protects him from cold viruses.His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an ______.

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product,because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable.The radio program host said,______.

Which of the following statements is true?

Scientists would like to conduct a study to identify lifestyle factors that are associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income American children.Which of the following research designs would be the best for the researchers to use when designing their study?

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood.This study is an example of a ____ study.