Question 1

List at least four functions of children's friendships as identified by Gottman and Parker (1987).

Accepted Answer

The answer of List at least four functions of children's...

Question 2

According to Lawrence Kohlberg,the highest and most internalized level of moral development is to be found in the stage called:

Accepted Answer

A) mutual interpersonal expectations,relationships,and interpersonal conformity. 
B) social systems morality. 
C) social contract or utility and individual rights. 
D) universal ethical principles.

Question 3

Which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development often involves children adopting their parents' moral standards?

Accepted Answer

A) individualism,instrumental purpose,and exchange 
B) heteronomous morality 
C) social systems morality 
D) mutual interpersonal expectations,relationships,and interpersonal conformity

Question 4

This psychosocial theorist suggested that the primary "task" of childhood was mastery (industry)in various endeavors.

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The answer of This psychosocial theorist suggested that the primary...

Question 5

As Trey grows from early to middle childhood,the issues that he and his parents discuss and disagree about will begin to include:

Accepted Answer

A) manners. 
B) control of temper. 
C) household chores. 
D) attention seeking.

Question 6

All of the following are effective ways to improve relationships among ethnically diverse students,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) reducing bias. 
B) being a competent cultural mediator. 
C) segregating the classroom into groups. 
D) placing students in cooperative group projects.

Question 7

Thinking about social matters.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thinking about social matters....

Question 8

Which of the following statements represents a criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A) Morality does not grow from childhood. 
B) Childhood does not grow from morality. 
C) It is not what one thinks,but what one does that is most important for morality. 
D) It is not what one does,but what one thinks that is most important for morality.

Question 9

By the time children get to middle and late childhood,they will spend approximately ___ of their time interacting with peers,as opposed to only 10% when they are 2 years of age.

Accepted Answer

A) 15 
B) 20 
C) 25 
D) 30

Question 10

Older children are better at coping with stress than younger children for all of the following reasons,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) they have better cognitive coping strategies. 
B) they are better able to deny stressful events. 
C) they are better at reframing stressful events. 
D) they are better at shifting their thoughts to a less stressful stimulus.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of friendship that is proposed by Gottman and Parker?

Accepted Answer

A) healthy conflict 
B) companionship 
C) social comparison 
D) stimulation

Question 12

Which of the following is the clearest type of evidence favoring Lawrence Kohlberg's claims about the sequence of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A) The use of all of Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning increases with age. 
B) During adolescence,moral reasoning tends to become more focused on self-interest and rewards than on the expectations of others. 
C) Children sometimes skip a stage,but they do not skip a moral level. 
D) Stage 4 reasoning does not appear in children but occurs in a majority of adults.

Question 13

The second level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.At this (intermediate)level,moral reasoning is based on standards set by others such as by parents or the government.

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The answer of The second level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory...

Question 14

A peer status held by children who are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by peers.These children tend to have good social skills.

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The answer of A peer status held by children who...

Question 15

Tadako's teachers have steadily been working on her self-esteem by frequently commenting on how nice it is to have Tadako as a member of their classes.Which strategy are these teachers engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A) emotional support and social approval 
B) promoting increased achievement 
C) helping Tadako cope with a problem 
D) implementing a peer support system

Question 16

According to Carol Gilligan,a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication,relationships with others,and concern for others.

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The answer of According to Carol Gilligan,a moral perspective that...

Question 17

If you were to ask a 6-year-old child to give you another word for "fair," which of the following responses would you be most likely to get?

Accepted Answer

A) earn 
B) balance 
C) amount 
D) equal

Question 18

The global evaluative dimension of the self.

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The answer of The global evaluative dimension of the self....

Question 19

Women tend to have about _______.

Accepted Answer

A) half as much body fat as men 
B) the same amount of body fat as men 
C) 50% more body fat than men 
D) twice as much body fat as men

Question 20

_______ percent of children in stepfamilies show adjustment problems.

Accepted Answer

A) Fifty 
B) Forty 
C) Twenty-five 
D) Twenty

Exam 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood