Question 1

Match between columns
                        Premises: When genes function differently, depending on whether they were inherited maternally or paternally
The phenomenon in which a single mutant gene can affect multiple, unrelated systems
Environmental factors known to increase risks for birth defects
Disorders resulting from an interaction of multiple genes with environmental influences
Occurs when a specific phenotype can be caused by mutations of different genes
A tendency to have more severe manifestations or an earlier age of onset in succeeding generations
The lack of a recognizable phenotype in an individual who carries a mutation that may cause an autosomal dominant trait or condition

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Anticipation and Pleiotropy and Premeditation and Heterogeneity is...

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: Sperm cells from the testes and ova cells from the ovaries
The 23rd pair of chromosomes, identified as X and Y because of their role in gender determination
Long arm on each side of a chromosome
Short arm on each side of a chromosome
Cells in the body with the exception of those for reproduction
Includes all chromosomes with the exception of the two sex chromosomes

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Autosomes and Somatic cells and Gametes and is...

Question 3

Which of the following is not a rule of inheritance that Mendel described?

Accepted Answer

A)  All alleles are dominant
B)  Variations of genes are referred to as alleles
C)  We get one gene from each parent
D)  Alleles segregate from each other at meiosis A

Question 4

Which of the following describes traits that manifest only when mutations are present in both copies of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dominant traits
B)  Recessive traits
C)  Heterogeneous traits
D)  Homogenous traits
E)  Autosomal dominant traits

Question 5

What is the possibility that their offspring will be carriers of the condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  0%
B)  25%
C)  50%
D)  75%
E)  100%

Question 6

Which of the following is not characteristic of 'X-linked inheritance'?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by genes on chromosome 23
B)  Females are more severely affected
C)  Affected males pass the gene to 100% of their daughters
D)  There is no father-to-son transmission
E)  Affected females can transmit the disorder to their sons

Question 7

What is the recurrence risk for parents of a child with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate with their next pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  3% to 5%
B)  25% to 50%
C)  30% to 45%
D)  10% to 15%
E)  5% to 10%

Question 8

Match between columns
                        Premises: When there is a single copy of the chromosome
Occurs with Down syndrome
A cause of velocardiofacial syndrome
When a part of a chromosome becomes separated and lost
Failure of a pair of chromosomes to separate during cell division
When the cells have different genetic content in a single individual
When a portion of the chromosome is turned 180º from its original location
When there is a transfer of genetic material between two or more chromosomes

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Duplications and Mosaicism and Nondisjunction and Inversions is...

Question 9

Which of the following results in Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monosomy 22
B)  Trisomy 21
C)  Trisomy 23
D)  Trisomy 13
E)  Trisomy 16

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: A visual profile of an individual's chromosomes
The separation of the cell cytoplasm to form two distinct cells
A schematic drawing of the banding pattern of a chromosome
A complete set of genetic instructions for a particular organism or species
A group of typical characteristics associated with a genetic condition
A pictorial representation of family members and their line of descent

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Phenotype and Karyotype and Cytokinesis and Pedigree is...

Question 11

In a case in which two individuals who are heterozygous carriers of an autosomal recessive condition have a child, what is the probability that the child is a carrier of a single copy of the mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  50%
B)  25%
C)  100%
D)  0%
E)  75%

Question 12

A woman and her husband are both heterozygous carriers of an autosomal recessive condition. What is the possibility that their offspring will have the condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  0%
B)  25%
C)  50%
D)  75%
E)  100%

Question 13

What term is used to describe having two different alleles of a gene for a particular trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homozygous
B)  Phenotypic
C)  Autosomal dominant
D)  Heterozygous
E)  Multifactorial

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: A process where a complementary strand of DNA is created with a single strand
Variability in genes common in the general population
Change in the sequence of a molecule of DNA
The substance that carries hereditary information in bacteria
A single, linear double strand of DNA with associated proteins
Submicroscopic functional unit of heredity located in the nucleus of a cell created as a single complementary strand of a DNA template
The process of making two identical DNA molecules from one
Created as a single complementary strand of a DNA template

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Gene and Transcription and Replication and Mutation is...

Question 15

Which of the following changes in genes does not result in craniofacial anomalies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deletion of one or more nucleotides
B)  Changing the regulation of gene expression
C)  Insertion of one or more nucleotides
D)  Polymorphism
E)  Change in the function of a protein

Question 16

Which factors) produces) the greatest risk for cleft lip?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carrying the rare polymorphism of the TGFA gene
B)  Having a family history with two affected first-degree relatives with cleft lip
C)  Heavy maternal smoking plus carrying the high-risk allele of TGF
D)  Having a family history with one individual with cleft lip
E)  Heavy maternal smoking

Question 17

Which of the following would be considered a threshold trait associated with multifactorial inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Height
B)  Intelligence
C)  Blood pressure
D)  Cleft palate
E)  Weight

Exam 4: Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance

Match the number of the answer with each item

Match the number of the answer with each item.

Which of the following is not a rule of inheritance that Mendel described?

Which of the following describes traits that manifest only when mutations are present in both copies of a gene?

What is the possibility that their offspring will be carriers of the condition?

Which of the following is not characteristic of 'X-linked inheritance'?

What is the recurrence risk for parents of a child with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate with their next pregnancy?

Match the number of the answer with each item

Which of the following results in Down syndrome?

Match the number of the answer with each item

In a case in which two individuals who are heterozygous carriers of an autosomal recessive condition have a child, what is the probability that the child is a carrier of a single copy of the mutation?

A woman and her husband are both heterozygous carriers of an autosomal recessive condition. What is the possibility that their offspring will have the condition?

What term is used to describe having two different alleles of a gene for a particular trait?

Match the number of the answer with each item.

Which of the following changes in genes does not result in craniofacial anomalies?

Which factors) produces) the greatest risk for cleft lip?

Which of the following would be considered a threshold trait associated with multifactorial inheritance?