Question 1

According to Vygotsky,children's thinking develops through

Accepted Answer

A) dialogues with more capable people. 
B) imitation and observational learning. 
C) assimilation and accommodation. 
D) the development of transductive reasoning skills.

Question 2

A researcher puts a dab of red lipstick on little Barry's nose,and places him in front of the mirror.Barry looks in the mirror and calls out his older brother's name thinking that his four-year-old brother J.J.is in the mirror.If Barry is like most children,he will be unable to recognize himself in the mirror until he is at least _______ months old

Accepted Answer

A) 12 
B) 18 
C) 28 
D) 36

Question 3

Brett's speaking vocabulary includes more than 4,000 words,and he is able to understand more than twice that many.He is most likely

Accepted Answer

A) about two. 
B) about three. 
C) in preschool. 
D) in first grade.

Question 4

Which psychologist believed that all children pass through a series of distinct stages in their intellectual development?

Accepted Answer

A) Jean Piaget 
B) Benjamin Bloom 
C) John B.Watson 
D) Harry Harlow

Question 5

Gabe is working on a math task that is just beyond his reach.Although Gabe is close to having the mental skills needed to do the task,the task is just a little too complex for him to master alone.This math task falls within Gabe's zone of

Accepted Answer

A) mental assimilation. 
B) practical intelligence. 
C) proximal development. 
D) task orientation.

Question 6

Morgan has become self-reflective about her thoughts and can now think in terms of abstract principles,such as "democracy" and "honor," as well as making projections regarding the future.Morgan is most likely in which cognitive stage?

Accepted Answer

A) formal operational 
B) concrete operational 
C) preoperational 
D) preconventional

Question 7

Because Rachel is too young to make transformations,she is unable to

Accepted Answer

A) distinguish between a larger circle and a smaller circle. 
B) mentally change the shape of clay from a ball to a worm. 
C) tell who is taller,mommy or daddy. 
D) recognize colors.

Question 8

Piaget believed that infants under the age of one year cannot use internal representations and have no memory of people and objects that are out of sight.Such abilities,he believed,emerge only after

Accepted Answer

A) a child becomes less egocentric. 
B) a long period of sensorimotor development. 
C) speech has progressed beyond its earliest stages. 
D) a child develops reversibility.

Question 9

Piaget's first stage of development is the _______ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) formal operational 
B) concrete operational 
C) preoperational 
D) sensorimotor

Question 10

Most infants have to be at least 18 months of age before they are able to recognize their own images being shown on a television.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Alicia's mother asks Alicia to put her blocks away.Alicia responds,"No,me play." Observing this,we might guess that Alicia

Accepted Answer

A) is approximately a year old. 
B) is experiencing the terrible twos. 
C) has progressed to the threatening threes. 
D) has not as yet mastered telegraphic speech.

Question 12

The repetition by infants of meaningless language sounds (including both vowel and consonant sounds)is called

Accepted Answer

A) babbling. 
B) cooing. 
C) telegraphic speech. 
D) crying.

Question 13

Available evidence suggests that children with which condition typically have a great deal of difficulty in developing theory of mind,which would allow them to understand jokes,figures of speech,and lying?

Accepted Answer

A) autistic spectrum disorders 
B) specific learning disabilities 
C) ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) 
D) genius-level intelligence

Question 14

According to Meltzoff's research,infants as young as 20 days can imitate an adult sticking out his or her tongue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When children understand that rolling a ball of clay into a "snake" does not increase the amount of clay or that pouring liquid from a tall,narrow glass into a shallow dish does not reduce the amount of liquid,the children have developed

Accepted Answer

A) animism. 
B) object permanence. 
C) conservation. 
D) egocentrism.

Question 16

A pattern of speech used when talking to infants that is marked by a higher-pitched voice;short,simple sentences;repetition;slower speech;and exaggerated voice inflections is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pattern of speech used when talking...

Question 17

It is difficult for younger children to understand why the driver of a car cannot see them if they can see the car. This illustrates the preoperational limitation known as

Accepted Answer

A) object permanence. 
B) imprinting. 
C) egocentric thought. 
D) animism.

Question 18

When Kathy uses crayons,she holds them tightly and presses down hard on the paper.Her mother just gave Kathy some fine line markers to draw with.Kathy grips the marker tightly and presses the point down hard on the paper. The point of the marker breaks.Kathy's difficulty with this new drawing instrument is due to

Accepted Answer

A) assimilation. 
B) accommodation. 
C) conservation. 
D) object permanence.

Question 19

Regarding early language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) By one month of age,infants are using crying to gain attention. 
B) Babies begin cooing around six to eight weeks of age. 
C) Cooing is the repetition of consonant and vowel sounds. 
D) When it first appears,babbling involves the same sounds for infants around the world.

Question 20

When intuitive thought persists into later childhood and adulthood,this thinking is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) convergent. 
B) deductive. 
C) superstitious. 
D) transformational.

Exam 15: Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood