Question 1

Absence and tonic-clonic are the major categories of __________ seizures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Absence and tonic-clonic are the major categories...

Question 2

Several clinical case studies have found that Parkinson's patients improve following transplants of __________ , but the treatment remains controversial.

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal substantia nigra cells 
B)  their own striatal cells 
C)  their own substantia nigra cells 
D)  adrenal cortex cells 
E)  fetal adrenal medulla cells

Question 3

Oligodendroglia actively

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate neural regeneration. 
B)  block neural regeneration. 
C)  guide neural regeneration. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 4

Automatisms are often components of

Accepted Answer

A)  complex partial seizures. 
B)  simple partial seizures. 
C)  generalized seizures. 
D)  absence seizures. 
E)  tonic-clonic seizures.

Question 5

Attempts to develop an autotransplantation protocol for the treatment of Parkinson's disease focused on the adrenal medulla because the adrenal medulla

Accepted Answer

A)  releases several neurotrophins. 
B)  contains many stem cells. 
C)  releases dopamine. 
D)  releases steroids. 
E)  degenerates in Parkinson patients.

Question 6

In one study of unilateral stroke patients, practice with the disabled arm had a greater beneficial effect if

Accepted Answer

A)  stem cells were injected. 
B)  the other arm was tied down. 
C)  the practice included the other arm. 
D)  both arms were used to perform the same task in a coordinated fashion. 
E)  there was a phantom limb.

Question 7

The 3-per-second spike and wave is

Accepted Answer

A)  an effective play in volleyball. 
B)  characteristic of tonic-clonic convulsions. 
C)  a correlate of absence seizures. 
D)  a correlate of simple partial seizures. 
E)  a correlate of complex partial seizures.

Question 8

In primates, MPTP produces damage in

Accepted Answer

A)  the cortex. 
B)  the hippocampus. 
C)  the substantia nigra. 
D)  the cerebellum. 
E)  motor neurons.

Question 9

Following cerebral ischemia,

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate is released in excessive quantities. 
B)  excessive activity is induced at NMDA receptors. 
C)  excessive numbers of calcium and sodium ions enter postsynaptic neurons. 
D)  postsynaptic neurons slowly die. 
E)  all of the above

Question 10

The most common cause of dementia is

Accepted Answer

A)  Parkinson's disease. 
B)  Alzheimer's disease. 
C)  allergic encephalomyelitis. 
D)  Huntington's disease. 
E)  epilepsy.

Question 11

The results of a large-scale double-blind study of fetal transplants in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Accepted Answer

A)  have been suppressed by drug companies. 
B)  were very positive. 
C)  were largely negative. 
D)  were not positive, but very promising. 
E)  were the first successful step in a current large-scale treatment program.

Question 12

Involuntary smacking and sucking movements of the lips, thrusting and rolling of the tongue, lateral jaw movements, and puffing of the cheeks are all symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)  tardive dyskinesia. 
B)  general paresis. 
C)  dementia. 
D)  mercury poisoning. 
E)  lead poisoning.

Question 13

The main evidence that release from inhibition is a mechanism of neural reorganization after brain damage is that reorganization

Accepted Answer

A)  can occur very quickly. 
B)  occurs in only inhibitory structures. 
C)  is particularly prevalent in the cortex. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both B and C

Question 14

Which of the following can act as an endogenous neurotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  mercury 
B)  lead 
C)  an antibody 
D)  tardive dyskinesia 
E)  an infarct

Question 15

It is critical to identify the primary symptom of a disorder. Explain and discuss with respect to Alzheimer's disease and the amyloid hypothesis. What evidence is there for the amyloid hypothesis? Are there alternative hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is critical to identify the primary...

Question 16

Regeneration is almost nonexistent in the __________ of adult mammals; in their __________, it is at best a hit-or-miss affair.

Accepted Answer

A)  PNSs; CNSs 
B)  CNSs; PNSs 
C)  ANSs; CNSs 
D)  PNSs; brains 
E)  ANSs; brains

Question 17

Simple partial seizures are

Accepted Answer

A)  Jacksonian. 
B)  partial seizures whose symptoms are primarily sensory or motor. 
C)  often characterized by the systematic spread of motor symptoms through the body. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

An epileptic aura is a psychological experience that

Accepted Answer

A)  precedes the onset of epilepsy. 
B)  precedes a convulsion. 
C)  follows a convulsion. 
D)  occurs during a convulsion. 
E)  replaces a convulsion.

Question 19

The punch-drunk syndrome typically results from the cumulative effects of many minor

Accepted Answer

A)  contusions. 
B)  concussions. 
C)  infarcts. 
D)  aneurysms. 
E)  embolisms.

Question 20

Kindling is considered to be a model of

Accepted Answer

A)  MPTP. 
B)  Parkinson's disease. 
C)  absence epilepsy. 
D)  human epileptogenesis. 
E)  multiple sclerosis.

Exam 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity