Question 1

Human beings everywhere have essentially the same biological constitution,yet their paths through the life span are remarkably different depending on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  their genetic lineage 
B)  their culture 
C)  the strength of their id 
D)  the expression of their phenotype

Question 2

In ____ research,data is collected from a sample of people of different ages on a single occasion.Then,the researcher examines potential relations between variables in the data,based on the hypotheses of the study.

Accepted Answer

A)  semi-reliable 
B)  quasi-lateral 
C)  longitudinal 
D)  cross-sectional

Question 3

Every time Zubin cuts his knees,his mother sprays hydrogen peroxide on it to clean it.Which process accounts for the fact that Zubin does not like the smell of hydrogen peroxide because it reminds him of the pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  observational learning 
D)  shaping

Question 4

Sigmund Freud divided human development into ____ stages.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosexual See Table 1.1 
B)  psychosocial 
C)  psychobiological 
D)  psychocognitive

Question 5

According to Erikson,what happens when a person who had difficulty with the developmental challenge in one stage enters the next stage? He or she is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  equally likely to do well with the new stage as someone who achieved the developmental challenge at the earlier stage 
B)  at high risk for being unsuccessful at the next stage as well 
C)  advised to regress to the earlier stage and successfully complete the developmental challenge before moving on 
D)  more likely to do well since he or she experienced the difficulty in the previous stage

Question 6

The second step in the scientific method is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  collect data to test the hypothesis 
B)  identify a question of scientific interest 
C)  form a hypothesis 
D)  choose a research method and a research design

Question 7

According to Freud,what balances the demands of the id and the superego?

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  libido

Question 8

What is a cognitive structure used for processing,organizing,and interpreting information?

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  theory of mind 
D)  schema

Question 9

Scholars of human development generally _____ that some aspects of development are continuous and some aspects are discontinuous.

Accepted Answer

A)  agree 
B)  disagree 
C)  fail to acknowledge 
D)  forget

Question 10

The purpose of an Institutional Review Board is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  to prevent ethical violations and judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines 
B)  to design research studies, test hypothesizes, and secure funding 
C)  to generate theories, measure variables, and publish findings in peer-review journals 
D)  to supervise and monitor research that is being conducted and to support the mission of the university

Question 11

Once the study has been carried out and the data collected,the participants must be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  debriefed 
B)  paid 
C)  allowed to leave 
D)  evaluated for psychological damage

Question 12

Individuals from collectivist cultures would be most likely to value _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  making independent decisions 
B)  spending time alone 
C)  getting along with their family members 
D)  receiving praise for hard work on an academic exam

Question 13

According to Erikson,what is the developmental challenge during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  identity vs. identity confusion 
B)  intimacy vs. isolation 
C)  generativity vs. stagnation 
D)  ego integrity vs. despair

Question 14

Hector is in second grade.He has just finished his first science fair project and is very proud of it.Although he did not know anything about gravity before his project,he now feels confident that he understands the concept.Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages is Hector in?

Accepted Answer

A)  trust vs. mistrust 
B)  autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
C)  initiative vs. guilt 
D)  industry vs. inferiority

Question 15

In an experiment,what group does NOT receive the treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental group 
B)  comparison group 
C)  cohort group 
D)  control group

Question 16

Charles Darwin,in his book The Origin of Species,first proposed the theory of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection 
B)  social Darwinism 
C)  psychosocial reproduction 
D)  the unconscious id

Question 17

Describe one way that Erikson's theory was different from Freud's.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe one way that Erikson's theory was...

Question 18

Activity settings are an important element of which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive-constructivist 
B)  ecocultural 
C)  socio-cultural 
D)  social-learning

Question 19

A book that presents an anthropologist's observations of what life is like in a particular culture is known as a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  biography 
B)  ethnography 
C)  groupography 
D)  anthrography

Question 20

When was the Neolithic Period?

Accepted Answer

A)  10,000 to 5,000 years ago 
B)  40,000 to 10,000 years ago 
C)  80,000 to 60,000 years ago 
D)  100,000 to 70,000 years ago

Exam 1: A Cultural Approach to Child Development