Question 1

On Wechsler's WAIS intelligence test, the _____ is calculated by comparing an individual's overall score to the scores of others in the same general age group whose average score was statistically fixed at 100.

Accepted Answer

A) mental age 
B) overall, global IQ 
C) chronological age 
D) g factor

Question 2

When a test has the ability to measure what it is intended to measure, it is said to be:

Accepted Answer

A) reliable. 
B) valid. 
C) standardized. 
D) representative.

Question 3

_____ put forth the notion that different mental abilities are biologically distinct and controlled by different parts of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) Charles Spearman 
B) Louis L. Thurstone 
C) Howard Gardner 
D) Alfred Binet

Question 4

Benjamin Whorf is best known in psychology for his:

Accepted Answer

A) work in comparative linguistics and formulation of the linguistic relativity hypothesis. 
B) work in comparative cognition and his research on animal language. 
C) creation of the first practical intelligence test for use with schoolchildren. 
D) advancement of the notion of multiple intelligences rather than a single global intelligence.

Question 5

Lopez assesses the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of his new test measuring the ability to cope with stress. He is checking the _____ of his new test.

Accepted Answer

A) reliability 
B) validity 
C) norms 
D) variability

Question 6

Brian's car was not running smoothly. The car would occasionally lose power or stall out. Brian thought about the possible solutions: changing the ignition wires, putting an additive in the gas tank, or taking his car to a mechanic and letting the mechanic figure out the problem. Brian decided that he would try putting an additive in the gas tank first to see if that corrected the problem. Which one of Sternberg's intelligences was Brian MOST likely using?

Accepted Answer

A) naturalist intelligence 
B) creative intelligence 
C) analytic intelligence 
D) logical-mathematical intelligence

Question 7

Lindsay hopes to gain admission to graduate school to become a chemical engineer, and needs to take the Graduate Record Exams (GRE) in physics and chemistry as part of her application. Although she has gotten excellent grades in both chemistry and physics in college, when she enters the room for her physics test she can't help but notice that almost all of the students taking the test are male, and she is only one of a handful of female students. According to research by Claude Steele, what might be the effect of Lindsay's awareness that she is vastly outnumbered by male students?

Accepted Answer

A) Her score on the exam will probably be higher than it would be if she were less aware of her gender identity. 
B) Her score on the exam will probably be lower than it would be if she was less aware of her gender identity. 
C) It will have little or no effect on her test score. 
D) Because Lindsay is so highly motivated to succeed, her score on the exam will probably be higher than expected.

Question 8

In order to find out if her new abstract reasoning test is good at measuring what it was designed to measure, Dr. Marshall compares the scores on her test with the scores and grades of college students enrolled in courses that involve abstract reasoning. In this instance, Dr. Marshall is in the process of:

Accepted Answer

A) establishing the test's reliability. 
B) establishing the test's validity. 
C) standardizing the test. 
D) establishing the test's variability.

Question 9

When reminded of the "elderly as wise" stereotype, senior adults scored higher on a memory test than those who were not reminded of that positive stereotype. This example illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) neurotypical threat 
B) stereotype threat 
C) neurotypical lift 
D) stereotype lift

Question 10

Marilyn wanted to buy a new sport utility vehicle (SUV). First, she identified those SUVs that were in her price range. Next, she only considered SUVs that possessed four-wheel drive, and then identified the model with the best safety record. Finally, there was only one SUV that met all of her criteria. Marilyn was using the _____ model of decision-making.

Accepted Answer

A) elimination by aspects 
B) multiple features 
C) single-feature 
D) rule-of-thumb

Question 11

Benjamin Whorf's belief that language determines perception and the structure of thought:

Accepted Answer

A) has been supported by numerous cross-cultural studies. 
B) has not been supported by empirical evidence, although language does seem to influence perception and thought. 
C) has been supported by research with hearing-impaired people who use American Sign Language. 
D) has been challenged by numerous research findings in the field of comparative cognition.

Question 12

On the WAIS, the _____ score represents subtest scores on verbal tasks, such as vocabulary, comprehension, and general knowledge; the _____ score represents subtest scores on nonverbal tasks, such as identifying missing parts in incomplete pictures, arranging pictures to tell a story, or arranging blocks to match a pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) performance; verbal 
B) spatial; linguistic 
C) verbal; performance 
D) linguistic; spatial

Question 13

When a young scientist went hiking in the Swiss Alps, he found that the thorny burrs on some plants stuck to his pants and shirt. Rather than dismissing this trivial annoyance, Heinz took the burrs to his lab and analyzed their properties. His work eventually led to the invention of Velcro. This illustrates one aspect of creativity called:

Accepted Answer

A) algorithmic thinking. 
B) problem finding. 
C) trial and error approaches. 
D) heuristic thinking.

Question 14

An intuitive hunch is most likely to be accurate when:

Accepted Answer

A) you have no prior knowledge or experience regarding the problem or issue. 
B) the hunch is based upon conscious, logical analysis of the problem. 
C) you already have a broad base of knowledge and experience in the given area. 
D) the hunch is strong and emotionally compelling.

Question 15

Jonathan is untidy, outgoing, and a chain smoker. He frequently stays up late and has a very flexible work schedule. Given this description, most people would guess that Jonathan is a bartender (which he is not) rather than a tax accountant (which he is). This example illustrates the influence of:

Accepted Answer

A) the availability heuristic. 
B) functional fixedness. 
C) the representativeness heuristic. 
D) linguistic relativity.

Question 16

The linguistic relativity hypothesis is the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A) the meaning of language is determined by the relative perceptions of the people who use that language. 
B) most languages have a common root and thus are relatively similar. 
C) differences among languages cause differences in the thoughts and perceptions of their speakers. 
D) all languages have a relatively similar basic syntax.

Question 17

A measure of general intelligence that is derived by comparing an individual's score to scores of others in the same age group is a definition of:

Accepted Answer

A) intelligence quotient(IQ). 
B) mental age. 
C) chronological age. 
D) mental set.

Question 18

Sheldon's score on the WAIS was 160. Sheldon's score indicates that he is in the:

Accepted Answer

A) normal, or average, range of scores. 
B) above-average range of scores. 
C) below-average range of scores. 
D) upper 2 percent of scores.

Question 19

After media coverage of two spectacular train crashes, people overestimated the probability of being killed or injured in a train crash and exaggerated the dangers of train travel. This example illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) the availability heuristic. 
B) functional fixedness. 
C) the representativeness heuristic. 
D) mental set.

Question 20

Nikki wandered into a produce store in Chinatown and saw a bin marked "LITCHIS" that was filled with small round objects with bumpy red shells. As she was trying to decide whether "litchis" were fruits or vegetables, she was mentally comparing them to her memories of other instances of fruits and vegetables, such as cherry tomatoes, raspberries, strawberries, and grapes. In her attempt to classify the litchis, Nikki was using:

Accepted Answer

A) exemplars. 
B) formal concept rules and features. 
C) stereotypes. 
D) prototypes.

Exam 7: Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence