Question 1

The impact of early environmental influences on intelligence is most apparent among young children who experience

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotype threat. 
B)  epigenetics. 
C)  a growth mindset. 
D)  minimal interaction with caregivers.

Question 2

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on an unwarranted negative impression is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  the Obama effect. 
B)  a heritability estimate. 
C)  predictive validity. 
D)  stereotype threat.

Question 3

If the heritability of intelligence within both group A and group B is 100 percent,differences in average intelligence between these groups might result from

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental differences if the two groups are genetically similar. 
B)  genetic differences if the two groups have similar environments. 
C)  both genetic and environmental differences between the two groups. 
D)  any of these situations.

Question 4

Intelligence test scores differ most between

Accepted Answer

A)  identical twins raised apart. 
B)  fraternal twins raised together. 
C)  identical twins raised together. 
D)  nontwin siblings raised together.

Question 5

Self-fulfilling expectations are most likely to be triggered by

Accepted Answer

A)  heritability. 
B)  epigenetics. 
C)  polygenetics. 
D)  stereotype threat.

Question 6

Support programs that suggest minority students cannot succeed without special academic help may unintentionally promote

Accepted Answer

A)  the growth mindset. 
B)  stereotype threat. 
C)  polygenetic effects. 
D)  epigenetic effects.

Question 7

The distribution of intelligence test scores among ________ Americans is represented by the normal curve.

Accepted Answer

A)  White 
B)  Hispanic 
C)  Black 
D)  members of any of these groups of

Question 8

Psychologists generally agree that intelligence test scores are ________ in terms of being sensitive to differences caused by cultural experiences and are ________ in terms of their predictive validity for different groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  biased;biased 
B)  biased;not biased 
C)  not biased;biased 
D)  not biased;not biased

Question 9

Research indicates that Head Start programs

Accepted Answer

A)  fail to produce even short-term improvements in participants' mental skills. 
B)  contribute to dramatic long-term gains in participants' intelligence test scores. 
C)  promote aptitude benefits,which generally fade over time. 
D)  are beneficial only to participants from very intellectually stimulating home environments.

Question 10

Research on the determinants of intelligence indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  interest in the heritability of intelligence has declined significantly during the past decade. 
B)  both genes and environment have some influence on intelligence scores. 
C)  there are no scientific methods for assessing the heritability of intelligence. 
D)  there is no relationship between people's position on the determinants of intelligence and their social or political attitudes.

Question 11

A classmate makes the following claim: "Despite numerous federally funded Head Start programs and nationwide efforts to desegregate public schools,Black Americans continue to lag behind their White counterparts in intelligence and academic achievement.Clearly,Black Americans must be genetically inferior to White Americans." Use research evidence and logical arguments to intelligently refute your classmate's statement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A classmate makes the following claim: "Despite...

Question 12

The heritability of intelligence refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the extent to which an individual's intelligence is attributable to genetic factors. 
B)  the proportion of variation in intelligence among individuals that is attributable to genetic variation. 
C)  the extent to which the distribution of intelligence scores of a group approximates a normal curve. 
D)  a general underlying intelligence factor that is measured by every task on an intelligence test.

Question 13

Psychologists would be likely to agree that

Accepted Answer

A)  intelligence tests have greater predictive validity for men than for women. 
B)  intelligence tests have comparable predictive validity for Whites and Blacks. 
C)  intelligence tests have less predictive validity for poor students than for rich students. 
D)  all of these statements are true.

Question 14

The similarity between intelligence test scores of fraternal twins raised together is

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to that between identical twins raised apart. 
B)  less than that between children and their biological parents. 
C)  equal to that between ordinary siblings raised together. 
D)  less than that between identical twins raised apart.

Question 15

J.McVicker Hunt began a training program for the caregivers in an Iranian orphanage.This program trained caregivers to

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore babies' crying. 
B)  imitate babies' babbling. 
C)  calculate babies' intelligence quotients. 
D)  do all of these things.

Question 16

With increasing age,identical twins' intelligence test scores become ________ positively correlated.With increasing age,adoptive siblings' scores become ________ positively correlated.

Accepted Answer

A)  more;more 
B)  less;less 
C)  more;less 
D)  less;more

Question 17

Research on racial differences in intelligence indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  Black Americans typically receive higher scores than White Americans on nonverbal intelligence test questions. 
B)  there is currently no difference in the average academic aptitude test scores received by Black and White Americans. 
C)  on average,Black Americans perform less well than White Americans on intelligence tests. 
D)  among Black Americans,those with the most African ancestry receive the highest intelligence scores.

Question 18

The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is

Accepted Answer

A)  less than that between children and their biological parents. 
B)  equal to that between identical twins raised together. 
C)  equal to that between fraternal twins raised together. 
D)  greater than that between ordinary siblings raised together.

Question 19

Stereotype threat is most likely to depress female students' performance on a difficult ________ test and to depress male students' performance on a difficult ________ test.

Accepted Answer

A)  math problem-solving;verbal fluency 
B)  verbal fluency;math problem-solving 
C)  spatial abilities;athletic abilities 
D)  athletic abilities;spatial abilities

Question 20

Juan,who teaches ninth-grade science,explains to his students that the brain is like a muscle;it grows stronger with use as neuron connections grow.Praising his students' efforts rather than their ability encourages their _____,which causes them to attribute success to hard work.

Accepted Answer

A)  growth mindset 
B)  heritability 
C)  polygenetic development 
D)  genetic predisposition

Exam 31: Introduction to Intelligence