Question 1

People more easily detect male discrimination against women than female discrimination against men because the former more closely resembles their discrimination

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristic. 
B)  algorithm. 
C)  prototype. 
D)  fixation.

Question 2

Part of Mark's creative success as a mechanical engineer is his eagerness to consider novel design ideas and invest time and effort in overcoming serious obstacles in highly challenging engineering projects.Mark's bold dedication best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance. 
B)  the framing effect. 
C)  a venturesome personality. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Question 3

The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to

Accepted Answer

A)  search for information that supports our preconceptions. 
B)  judge the likelihood of events on the basis of how easily we can remember examples of them. 
C)  overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments. 
D)  make judgments in a very inefficient,time-consuming fashion.

Question 4

In testing thousands of different materials for use as light bulb filaments,Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  trial and error. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  framing.

Question 5

A tendency to approach a problem only in the particular way that worked previously is most indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  divergent thinking. 
C)  overconfidence. 
D)  a mental set.

Question 6

State lottery officials send residents a facsimile of a contest-winning check for over $5 million to encourage them to imagine themselves as possible winners.The lottery promoters are most clearly exploiting the influence of

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias. 
B)  belief perseverance. 
C)  an algorithm. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Question 7

People with opposing views of the death penalty reviewed mixed evidence regarding whether it is effective in lowering the crime rate.As a result,their opposing views differed more strongly than ever.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the framing effect. 
B)  the planning fallacy. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Question 8

Alex was an African Grey parrot who displayed

Accepted Answer

A)  self-awareness. 
B)  numerical ability. 
C)  algorithms. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Question 9

In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics,Megan reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best.Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm. 
B)  trial and error. 
C)  framing. 
D)  a heuristic.

Question 10

A reliance on quick intuitive judgments is best illustrated by our use of

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent thinking. 
B)  algorithms. 
C)  trial and error. 
D)  heuristics.

Question 11

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses.This practice most directly serves to reduce

Accepted Answer

A)  the framing effect. 
B)  divergent thinking. 
C)  confirmation bias. 
D)  algorithms.

Question 12

A $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  framing. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Question 13

Newlyweds' automatic gut reactions to their new spouses predict their future marital happiness.This best illustrates the informative value of

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithms. 
B)  intuition. 
C)  fixations. 
D)  divergent thinking.

Question 14

People detect male prejudice against females ________ than they detect female prejudice against males.

Accepted Answer

A)  less easily 
B)  equally as easily 
C)  more easily 
D)  more or less easily,depending on the situation,

Question 15

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas is called

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent thinking. 
B)  belief perseverance. 
C)  framing. 
D)  creativity.

Question 16

College students are more likely to use a condom when told that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  framing. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  a fixation. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Question 17

The inability to solve the matchstick problem may be associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithms. 
B)  fixation. 
C)  prototypes. 
D)  cognition.

Question 18

Once we have categorized an object,our memory of the object increasingly resembles the category

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithm. 
B)  prototype. 
C)  heuristic. 
D)  mental set.

Question 19

Professional hockey players can make correct game moves at such speed that their acquired expertise feels like

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm. 
B)  divergent thinking. 
C)  extrinsic motivation. 
D)  intuition.

Question 20

Dean overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  overconfidence. 
B)  framing. 
C)  confirmation bias. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Exam 26: Storage: Retaining Information