Question 1

Who of the following is likely to exhibit higher intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brandon,who can hold five items in working memory 
B)  Andrew,who can hold four items in working memory 
C)  Samantha,who can hold seven items in working memory 
D)  Lee,who can hold nine items in working memory

Question 2

By creating an outline in which specific facts and theories are located within the larger framework of major topics and subtopics,Jasmine can remember much more of what she reads in her textbooks.This best illustrates the benefits of

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memory. 
B)  mnemonics. 
C)  hierarchical organization. 
D)  the spacing effect.

Question 3

The importance of effortful processing for long-term retention of memories is best illustrated by

Accepted Answer

A)  the testing effect. 
B)  implicit memory. 
C)  classically conditioned associations. 
D)  iconic memory.

Question 4

Lynnae's long-term memory of what she reads is improved if she responds to fill-in-the-blank questions after completing sections of her reading assignments.Her experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-reference effect. 
B)  automatic processing. 
C)  the testing effect. 
D)  hierarchical organization.

Question 5

A single word formed from the first letters of items you want to remember is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  synonym. 
B)  antonym. 
C)  homonym. 
D)  acronym.

Question 6

Explicit memory is also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural memory. 
B)  working memory. 
C)  declarative memory. 
D)  iconic memory.

Question 7

Jane is learning how to roller skate.Fast forward to a few years from now.If she continues to practice,roller skating will have become a(n)________ skill for Jane.

Accepted Answer

A)  effortful 
B)  automatic 
C)  procedural 
D)  implicit

Question 8

Encoding verbal information semantically involves

Accepted Answer

A)  shallow processing. 
B)  echoic memory. 
C)  deep processing. 
D)  iconic memory.

Question 9

Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition 
B)  recall 
C)  relearning 
D)  rehearsal

Question 10

Simply identifying previously learned information in a multiple-choice question constitutes a measure of retention known as

Accepted Answer

A)  relearning. 
B)  recognition. 
C)  rehearsal. 
D)  recall.

Question 11

Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if they rehearse the meanings of the Latin words.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)  iconic memory. 
B)  deep processing. 
C)  procedural memory. 
D)  echoic memory.

Question 12

Mr.Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf several times a week on a particular course.Yet the more he plays the course,the more his game improves.His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory and long-term memory. 
B)  massed practice and distributed practice. 
C)  explicit memory and implicit memory. 
D)  recognition and recall.

Question 13

Your activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term 
B)  implicit 
C)  shallow 
D)  explicit

Question 14

Which of the following types of memory is of shortest duration?

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory 
B)  explicit memory 
C)  implicit memory 
D)  sensory memory

Question 15

Memory is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the conscious encoding of information. 
B)  stored knowledge that has been semantically encoded. 
C)  the persistence of learning through the encoding,storage,and retrieval of information. 
D)  the retrieval of stored information in precisely the same form in which it was encoded.

Question 16

Which measure of memory retention is used by fill-in-the-blank test questions?

Accepted Answer

A)  relearning 
B)  rehearsal 
C)  recall 
D)  recognition

Question 17

After Maya told her friend the 5-digit password to a protected website,her friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box.In this instance,the password was clearly stored in her friend's ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural 
B)  short-term 
C)  iconic 
D)  implicit

Question 18

The organization of individual items into larger familiar units is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-reference effect. 
B)  chunking. 
C)  massed practice. 
D)  mnemonics.

Question 19

The ability to retain more information after sleep and to be creative problem solvers has been found to be most closely associated with a large ________ memory capacity.

Accepted Answer

A)  iconic 
B)  implicit 
C)  echoic 
D)  working

Question 20

The Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage information-processing model proposed that we first record to-be-remembered information as a fleeting

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memory. 
B)  short-term memory. 
C)  sensory memory. 
D)  flashbulb memory.

Exam 23: Learning by Observation