Question 1

A nursing instructor would like to study the effect peer tutoring has on student success. What is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nursing student
B)   Nursing education
C)   Peer tutoring
D)   Student success C

Question 2

Which of the following accurately describes Florence Nightingale's influence on nursing knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)   She defined nursing practice as the continuation of medical practice.
B)   She differentiated between health nursing and illness nursing.
C)   She established training for nurses under the direction of the medical profession.
D)   She established a theoretical base for nursing that originated outside the profession. B

Question 3

Why are the developmental theories important to nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

A)   They describe how parts work together as a system.
B)   They outline the process of human growth and development.
C)   They define human adaptation to others and to the environment.
D)   They explain the importance of legal and ethical care. B

Question 4

Which of the following examples represents the type of knowledge known as process? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)   A nurse dispenses medications to clients.
B)   A nurse changes the linens on a client's bed.
C)   A nurse studies a nursing journal article on infection control.
D)   A nurse consults an ethics committee regarding an ethical dilemma.
E)   A nurse believes in providing culturally competent nursing care.

Question 5

Which of the following research studies would be of most interest to a nurse manager?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sister Callista Roy's theory on adaptation
B)   Patricia Benner's From Novice to Expert
C)   Kleinpell and Ferrans' older intensive-care clients
D)   Madeleine Leininger's transcultural nursing theory

Question 6

A nursing student is conducting a literature review via the Internet to identify a problem area that may be applicable in scope for nursing. When conducting the search, which of the following would be most important for the student to keep in mind?

Accepted Answer

A)   The Internet should be the last resort for scientific literature review.
B)   Very few nursing sites are available through the Internet.
C)   Most websites that provide nursing information are reliable.
D)   MedLine is a reputable online database of nursing information.

Question 7

Which of the following are examples of characteristics of evidence-based practice? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a problem-solving approach.
B)   It uses the best evidence available.
C)   It is generally accepted in clinical practice.
D)   It is based on current institutional protocols.
E)   It blends the science and art of nursing.

Question 8

A client undergoing chemotherapy for a brain tumor believes that having a good attitude will help in the healing process. This is an example of what type of knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)   Science
B)   Philosophy
C)   Process
D)   Virtue

Question 9

Which qualitative research method is described as follows: to describe experiences as they are lived by the subjects being studied?

Accepted Answer

A)   Historical
B)   Ethnography
C)   Grounded theory
D)   Phenomenology

Question 10

A nurse researcher decides to conduct a qualitative research study. With which of the following would the researcher be involved?

Accepted Answer

A)   Collection of numerical data
B)   Determination of cause and effect
C)   Controlling personal biases
D)   Real world data collection

Question 11

In what way can a nurse differentiate strong research from poor research?

Accepted Answer

A)   By conducting the research
B)   Through author dialogue
C)   By critiquing the study
D)   Through the nurse's own informal investigation

Question 12

There are four concepts common in all nursing theories. Which one of the four concepts is the focus of nursing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Person
B)   Environment
C)   Health
D)   Nursing

Question 13

How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked?

Accepted Answer

A)   They will answer a posed question.
B)   Each begins with goal development.
C)   The nurse assesses problems initially.
D)   There is a period of evaluation.

Question 14

The nurse understands that general systems theory has important implications in nursing. Which of the following is an assumption of the general systems theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Human systems are open and dynamic.
B)   All humans are born with instinctive needs.
C)   Human needs are motivational forces.
D)   People grow and change throughout their lives.

Question 15

What is the ultimate goal of expanding nursing knowledge through nursing research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Learn improved ways to promote and maintain health.
B)   Develop technology to provide hands-on nursing care.
C)   Apply knowledge to become independent practitioners.
D)   Become full-fledged partners with other care providers.

Question 16

A staff nurse asks a student, "Why in the world are you studying nursing theory?" How would the student best respond?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Our school requires we take it before we can graduate."
B)   "We do it so we know more than your generation did."
C)   "I think it explains how we should collaborate with others."
D)   "It helps explain how nursing is different from medicine."

Question 17

In understanding the historical influences on nursing knowledge, nursing as a profession struggled for years to establish its own identify and to receive recognition for its contributions to health care. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)   The conceptual and theoretical basis for nursing practice came from outside the profession.
B)   Nurses were too busy working in practice to increase the public awareness associated with the role of the nurse.
C)   Nurses spent most of their time in laboratory settings conducting research.
D)   Women were independent and refused to work collectively.

Question 18

Nursing research is linked most closely to what?

Accepted Answer

A)   Propositions
B)   Outcome measures
C)   Treatments
D)   Nursing process

Question 19

An obstetrical nurse wishes to identify whether clients' perceptions of a high level of support from their partner is associated with a decreased length of the second stage of labor. Which type of quantitative research is most appropriate for this research question?

Accepted Answer

A)   Correlational research
B)   Descriptive research
C)   Quasi-experimental research
D)   Experimental research

Question 20

During the first half of the 20th century, a change in the structure of society resulted in changed roles for women and, in turn, for nursing. What was one of these changes?

Accepted Answer

A)   More women retired from the workforce to raise families.
B)   Women became more dependent and sought higher education.
C)   The focus of nursing changed to "hands-on training."
D)   Nursing research was conducted and published.

Exam 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice