Question 1

A nursing student has been asked to correlate her clinical experiences with two different theories of nursing. The student will recognize that which of the following concepts are common to all theories of nursing? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  The client 
B)  The environment 
C)  Illness 
D)  Needs 
E)  Nursing

Question 2

One step in implementing evidence-based practice is to ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention. The most common method is the PICO format. Which of the following accurately defines the letters in the PICO acronym?

Accepted Answer

A)  P = population 
B)  I = institution 
C)  C = compromise 
D)  O = output

Question 3

Nurse researchers have predicted that a newly created mentorship program will result in decreased absenteeism, increased retention, and decreased attrition among a hospital's nursing staff. Which of the following does this predicted relationship represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothesis 
B)  Dependent variable 
C)  Abstract 
D)  Methodology

Question 4

After reviewing several research articles, the clinical nurse specialist on a medical surgical unit rewrites the procedure on assessing placement of a nasogastric tube. What source of nursing knowledge did the nurse use in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientific knowledge 
B)  Traditional knowledge 
C)  Authoritative knowledge 
D)  Philosophical knowledge

Question 5

The nurse working in research correctly identifies which of the following to be mandatory for the ethical conduction of research in a hospital setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clients must grant informed consent if they are to participate. 
B)  All interventions must benefit all clients. 
C)  The client must directly and personally benefit from the research. 
D)  Descriptive studies are more ethical than experimental studies.

Question 6

Which of the following are characteristics of nursing theories? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  They provide rational reasons for nursing interventions. 
B)  They are based on descriptions of what nursing should be. 
C)  They provide a knowledge base for appropriate nursing responses. 
D)  They provide a base for discussion of nursing issues. 
E)  They help resolve current nursing issues and establish trends.

Question 7

Which of the following is a responsibility of an institutional review board (IRB)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secure informed consent for researchers 
B)  Review written accuracy of research proposals 
C)  Determine risk status of all studies 
D)  Secure funding for institutional research

Question 8

A student nurse learns how to give injections from the nurse manager. This is an example of the acquisition of what type of knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Authoritative 
B)  Traditional 
C)  Scientific 
D)  Applied

Question 9

A group of students is reviewing information about evidence-based practice in preparation for an exam. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as associated with evidence-based practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  It emphasizes personal experience over science. 
B)  Clinical expertise is integrated with external evidence. 
C)  It involves gaining solutions to problems. 
D)  The purpose is to learn about a specific problem.

Question 10

A staff development nurse is asking a group of new staff nurses to read and be prepared to discuss a qualitative study that focuses on nursing events of the past. This is done in an attempt to increase understanding of the nursing profession today. What method of qualitative research is used in this article?

Accepted Answer

A)  Historical 
B)  Phenomenology 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Ethnography

Question 11

Which of the following theories emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?

Accepted Answer

A)  General systems theory 
B)  Nursing theory 
C)  Adaptation theory 
D)  Developmental theory

Question 12

What was significant about the promotion of the National Center for Nursing Research to the current National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased numbers of articles are published in research journals. 
B)  NINR gained equal status with all other National Institutes of Health. 
C)  NINR became the major research body of the International Council of Nurses. 
D)  It decreased emphasis on clinical research as an important area for nursing.

Question 13

A nurse researcher is studying perceptions of vocational rehabilitation for clients after a spinal cord injury. What type of research method will be used to study the perceptions of this group of individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Qualitative research 
B)  Quantitative research 
C)  Basic research 
D)  Applied research

Question 14

The practice of changing patients' bedclothes each day in acute care settings is an example of what type of knowledge?

Accepted Answer