Question 1

To effectively manage employee performance,managers should try to:

Accepted Answer

A)  control employees' attitudes 
B)  influence employees' basic beliefs 
C)  control external events 
D)  develop employees' personalities

Question 2

Operant behaviors can be influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  changing the consequences of those behaviors 
B)  measuring the consequences of those behaviors 
C)  charting the occurrence of those behaviors 
D)  pairing them with reflexive behaviors

Question 3

A ____ schedule of reinforcement is being applied when a desired behavior must occur a specified number of times before it is reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable interval 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  fixed ratio

Question 4

When a pleasant event is added,the contingency of reinforcement is:

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction 
B)  punishment 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  negative reinforcement

Question 5

Explain the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between primary and secondary...

Question 6

Give an example from your own experience of a situation in which a manager in the work setting used punishment.Be sure to clearly identify the antecedent,the behavior,and the consequence in the punishing contingency of reinforcement.Describe the outcome of the use of punishment.Was it effective or ineffective? Why was this the case? Were there any manifestations of the frequent negative effects of punishment as identified in the text?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example from your own experience...

Question 7

Describe continuous and intermittent reinforcement schedules and identify the four primary types of intermittent reinforcement schedules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe continuous and intermittent reinforcement schedules and...

Question 8

According to the Across Cultures competency,Flowers: A Symbol of Love?,In ____,a dozen yellow roses are inappropriate-yellow suggests infidelity-and cut flowers by the dozen or any even number are unlucky.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spain 
B)  France 
C)  Mexico 
D)  United States

Question 9

Describe the four primary types of reinforcement contingencies and their impact on behavior.Identify which are the most desirable for a manager to use and why.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the four primary types of reinforcement...

Question 10

Escape learning is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  omission 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  social learning theory 
D)  secondary reinforcement

Question 11

For maximum effectiveness,all of the following is true about punishment except:

Accepted Answer

A)  a punisher should be directly linked to the undesirable behavior 
B)  punishment should be administered immediately 
C)  the greater the size of the punisher,the stronger will be the effect on the undesirable behavior 
D)  the size of the punisher should be related to how long the employee has worked for the company

Question 12

When using positive reinforcement,the principle of ____ states that the reinforcer must be administered only if the desired behavior is performed.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement size 
B)  contingent reinforcement 
C)  immediate reinforcement 
D)  reinforcement deprivation

Question 13

All of the following are ways in which self-efficacy has an impact on learning except:

Accepted Answer

A)  It influences the effort that individuals exert on the job. 
B)  It influences the activities and goals that individuals choose for themselves. 
C)  It affects the persistence with which a person stays with a complex task. 
D)  It affects the rate at which a person cognitively processes new information.

Question 14

Provide an example of a variable ratio schedule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of a variable ratio...

Question 15

____ is the removal of all reinforcing events.

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment 
B)  Extinction 
C)  Positive reinforcement 
D)  Negative reinforcement

Question 16

Oral reprimands are appropriate to correct:

Accepted Answer

A)  general behavior 
B)  specific behaviors 
C)  bad attitudes 
D)  threats to self-image

Question 17

The purpose of reinforcement is to ____ increase the frequency of employee behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  sometimes 
B)  always 
C)  usually 
D)  rarely

Question 18

A response is learned in operant conditioning because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  is an unconscious process 
B)  is mentally processed 
C)  gets weaker each time it is reinforced 
D)  leads to a particular consequence

Question 19

For vicarious learning to occur,several conditions must be met.Which of these is NOT one of the conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The learner must be able to re-create the behavior 
B)  The learner must observe the other person-the model-when the behavior is
Being performed. 
C)  The learner must accurately perceive the model's behavior. 
D)  The learner must remember the behavior.

Question 20

When using positive reinforcement,the principle of ____ states that the reinforcer will be most effective if administered immediately after the desired behavior has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  contingent reinforcement 
B)  reinforcement size 
C)  immediate reinforcement 
D)  reinforcement deprivation

Exam 5: Learning Concepts to Improve Performance: Part B