Question 1

Sociologists study societies rather than individuals, therefore they tend to believe that

Accepted Answer

A)  social problems come from social systems. 
B)  individuals have a negative effect on social systems. 
C)  societies would be improved by individuals taking more personal responsibility for what happens to them. 
D)  social problems are too deeply entrenched to ever be solved.

Question 2

Written and unwritten rules develop in a society so that different segments can cooperate with each other. This demonstrates a phenomenon noted by Durkheim known as

Accepted Answer

A)  functional integration. 
B)  structural functionalism. 
C)  the order/conflict paradox. 
D)  integral functionalism.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of societal fragmentation along racial lines taking place in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dominance of the National Congress party 
B)  State borders redrawn along linguistic lines 
C)  High costs of in-state college tuition 
D)  "White flight" from high-immigration areas

Question 4

Contrary to the idea of the United States as a "melting pot," the different groups in the United States continue to remain separate, which may make _____ inevitable.

Accepted Answer

A)  conflict 
B)  assimilation 
C)  social cohesion 
D)  co-optation

Question 5

In 2013, the top 20% of U.S. households owned _____ of the national income.

Accepted Answer

A)  3.4% 
B)  20% 
C)  50% 
D)  99%

Question 6

When a high official, such as the U.S. president, appoints a member of a dissident group to a policy-making body in order to appease that group, the official is using a technique called

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperation. 
B)  co-optation. 
C)  reverse psychology. 
D)  moral authority.

Question 7

Who developed the theory of false consciousness, the idea that oppressed people hold beliefs damaging to their interests?

Accepted Answer

A)  George Will 
B)  Karl Marx 
C)  Carl Jung 
D)  Joel Rogers

Question 8

Conflict theorists disagree with order theorists' focus on deviants, saying it

Accepted Answer

A)  is blaming the victim. 
B)  prevents criminals from making restitution. 
C)  unfairly targets society's institutions. 
D)  does not address the problems caused by noncomforists.

Question 9

According to Wright and Rogers, most people in U.S. society affirm which set of five values?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freedom, volunteerism, fairness, democracy, efficacy 
B)  Prosperity, property, democracy, freedom, health 
C)  Freedom, prosperity, efficiency, fairness, democracy 
D)  Property, freedom, strength, efficiency, patriotism

Question 10

According to Durkheim, sending a criminal to prison with the intention of punishing the crime and deterring future crimes is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  manifest consequences. 
B)  latent consequences. 
C)  manifest destiny. 
D)  latent destiny.

Question 11

The repeal of the military rule known as "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" by Congress in 2011 illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  planned integration. 
B)  separate but equal. 
C)  societal segmentation. 
D)  forced interaction.

Question 12

While the order perspective assumes that the social structure is basically right and proper because it serves the fundamental function of maintaining society, the conflict perspective raises the question of

Accepted Answer

A)  whether social class outweighs social integrity. 
B)  personal responsibility. 
C)  who benefits under these arrangements and who does not. 
D)  how to maintain the current rules and customs.

Question 13

The fourth assumption in the synthesis model is that societies are held together by complementary interests, by consensus on cultural values, and by

Accepted Answer

A)  democracy. 
B)  folkways. 
C)  consensus. 
D)  coercion.

Question 14

The earnings gap between the top 5% of earners and the bottom 20%, as measured by the U.S. Census Bureau, is now

Accepted Answer

A)  the greatest since 1947. 
B)  equal to the gap during the Great Depression. 
C)  the smallest in the history of the nation. 
D)  greater than in the 1950s but smaller than the 1990s.

Question 15

Which term describes the theories of Karl Marx, who said that in every society there is a dynamic tension between those who own the means of production and those who work for them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conflict theory 
B)  Capitalism 
C)  Order theory 
D)  Structural functionalism

Question 16

_____ organizations that bring together people from differing backgrounds to interact allow members to join in a common cause.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterogeneous 
B)  Homogeneous 
C)  Restricted 
D)  Exclusive

Question 17

What did former Secretary of Labor Robert Reich say posed "the largest single threat to our strength as a society"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Global terrorism 
B)  Widening split between the have-mores and have-lessers 
C)  Loss of faith in religious institutions 
D)  Loss of faith in government to solve problems

Question 18

Sociologists who use the order model, also called _____, ask fundamental questions about what holds societies together.

Accepted Answer

A)  integrative culture model 
B)  structural functionalism 
C)  ethical function model 
D)  social imperatives

Question 19

A country club that restricts its membership to include only WASPs and excludes African-Americans and Jewish people is founded on

Accepted Answer

A)  heterogeneous principles. 
B)  democratic freedom of association. 
C)  exclusiveness and feelings of superiority. 
D)  inclusiveness and superiority.

Question 20

The third assumption of the synthesis model explains that society is made up of different but interdependent parts that affect each other, creating a structure called a

Accepted Answer

A)  social order/disorder paradox. 
B)  societal paradigm. 
C)  social system. 
D)  social boundary structure.

Exam 2: The Duality of Social Life: Order and Conflict