Question 1

In Erikson's ________ stage of psychosocial development, preschoolers are challenged to control their own behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  trust versus mistrust 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt 
C)  initiative versus guilt 
D)  industry versus inferiority

Question 2

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the longitudinal design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals of different ages are being compared to one another. 
B)  It is relatively inexpensive. 
C)  It takes a shorter amount of time than a cross-sectional design. 
D)  Participants may drop out due to moving, loss of interest, or death.

Question 3

The period of development from conception to birth is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neonate period 
B)  prenatal period 
C)  natal period 
D)  postnatal period

Question 4

According to several published research studies, how could individuals like Adolf Hitler or Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev commit such acts according to the "nature versus nurture" debate?

Accepted Answer

A)  These individuals were born (nature) to commit such horrendous acts. It was in their genetic makeup. 
B)  Their behaviors are the result of the interaction of nature and nurture. 
C)  These individuals' behaviors were attributed to "nurture" and the influences of their parents. 
D)  These individuals learned to commit these behaviors after staying in long periods of isolation, according to Ridley.

Question 5

Megan just turned 32. She is keenly aware of biological changes that occur as she gets older. What's more, she measures the sensitivity of her senses and other physical characteristics by using sophisticated testing equipment. In which of the following areas is she likely to find some decline?

Accepted Answer

A)  vision and hearing 
B)  sensitivity to odors and temperatures 
C)  sensitivity to taste, muscular strength, and hearing 
D)  sensitivity to taste, vision, and muscular strength

Question 6

Infant reflexes are ________

Accepted Answer

A)  innate involuntary behavior patterns 
B)  voluntary behavior patterns 
C)  learned 
D)  not used as a means for survival

Question 7

A disorder common in late adulthood that is characterized by losses in memory and cognition, and changes in personality, and that is believed to be caused by deterioration of the brain's structure and function is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Wernicke's syndrome 
B)  Parkinson's disease 
C)  Alzheimer's disease 
D)  Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 8

Human and animal neonates come into the world equipped with a number of built-in responses called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflexes 
B)  tropisms 
C)  instincts 
D)  motor programs

Question 9

Germain tends to rule his home with an iron fist. His children know the rules and they are expected to obey them without question, or there will be harsh consequences. Diana Baumrind would describe Germain's parenting style as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritarian 
B)  authoritative 
C)  ironclad 
D)  indulgent

Question 10

Identical twins are also called monozygotic twins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Erikson's theory of social development viewed the ages of two to three, his second stage, as being characterized by the major challenge of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  identity versus role diffusion 
B)  basic trust versus mistrust 
C)  industry versus inferiority 
D)  autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 12

A researcher who studies different age groups, or cohorts, at one time is using the cross-sectional design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The typical sequence of the five stages of dying postulated by Kubler-Ross is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anger, denial, depression, bargaining, acceptance 
B)  depression, anger, denial, bargaining, acceptance 
C)  denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance 
D)  anger, bargaining, depression, denial, acceptance

Question 14

The tendency of teenagers to feel that they are always "on stage" and that they are the center of everyone else's world, just as they are the center of their own, is a phenomenon known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operations 
B)  the imaginary audience 
C)  the personal fable 
D)  puberty

Question 15

Ashley and Mary-Kate are twins who are genetically identical. What type of twins are they?

Accepted Answer

A)  monozygotic twins 
B)  fraternal twins 
C)  dizygotic twins 
D)  wombmates

Question 16

The cessation of menstruation is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  menopause 
B)  endometriosis 
C)  menarche 
D)  the climacteric

Question 17

Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  trust versus mistrust 
B)  initiative versus guilt 
C)  industry versus inferiority 
D)  autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 18

In which of the following cultures is a home destroyed if someone dies there, because there is a fear that there will be exposure to evil spirits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Navajo 
B)  Sioux 
C)  Apache 
D)  Cheyenne

Question 19

If a child is exposed to the "Strange Situation," then he or she ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  should receive immediate medical attention 
B)  will view novel and eccentric stimuli 
C)  will be in a room with other children that they don't know 
D)  will be left with a stranger or alone in an unfamiliar situation

Question 20

Obedience to rules because of the fear of punishment is a characteristic of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional morality 
B)  preconventional morality 
C)  principled morality 
D)  postconventional morality

Exam 8: Development Across the Life Span