Question 1

Predictions that can be tested in an effort to explain human development are known as

Accepted Answer

A) theories. 
B) hypotheses. 
C) experiments. 
D) constructs.

Question 2

In survey research,it is very important that the participants reflect the characteristics of the whole group of people being studied.To which characteristic of the sample are we referring?

Accepted Answer

A) Similarity 
B) Bias 
C) Representativeness 
D) Social desirability

Question 3

What is the term for the research method in which data is collected through participant responses to questions?

Accepted Answer

A) Experimental study 
B) Correlational study 
C) Survey 
D) Case study

Question 4

Which of the following is the best example of a cross-sectional research study?

Accepted Answer

A) Dr.Huang assessed the eye-hand coordination of the second,fourth,and sixth graders of Maple Leaf Elementary School in September 2006. 
B) Dr.Sanchez assessed the eye-hand coordination of the second,fourth,and sixth graders of Maple Leaf Elementary School in December 2006,and the same children will be tested again in 2008,2010,and 2012. 
C) Each year at the beginning of the school year,the five children of the Jones family visit their family doctor to have physical exams. 
D) Each year the five-year-olds of Washington,D.C. ,are given number and letter proficiency exams before they begin kindergarten.

Question 5

What contributions did Arnold Gesell make to the study of human development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What contributions did Arnold Gesell make to...

Question 6

Juanita's father died when she was just a baby,but her family insists that she not only looks like him,she acts like him as well.This might indicate that which of the following had a large impact on her development?

Accepted Answer

A) Nature 
B) Environment 
C) Nurture 
D) Innate goodness

Question 7

Which of the following are central to the nature-nurture controversy?

Accepted Answer

A) Environmental continuity and psychological comfort 
B) Change triggered by social processes or change caused by cultural influences 
C) Inborn biases and genetic predispositions 
D) Biological processes and experiential factors

Question 8

The Maple Leaf Elementary School counselor,social worker,and the parents of eight-year-old Jimmy Jackson are working as a cooperative team to determine why Jimmy exhibits a pattern of highly aggressive behavior toward his peers and teachers.Jimmy's behavior has been extensively observed,he has been subjected to a battery of psychological tests,and his parents have been interviewed.This in-depth examination of Jimmy Jackson is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an ethnograph. 
B) naturalistic observation. 
C) a correlational study. 
D) a case study.

Question 9

Identify at least three of the ethical standards for research involving human participants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify at least three of the ethical...

Question 10

As we age,the transition between stages of development becomes more ________ in terms of defining milestones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As we age,the transition between stages of...

Question 11

In research,what is the difference between a population and a sample?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In research,what is the difference between a...

Question 12

According to your text,when does middle childhood occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Once a child begins walking 
B) Once a child begins talking 
C) Once a child enters school 
D) Once a child begins puberty

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the protection from harm aspect of research ethics?

Accepted Answer

A) Absolutely no harm,neither permanent nor temporary,can come to the participants during the research. 
B) As long as the harm is temporary and only lasts for the duration of the research,it is okay. 
C) If temporary harm may be caused by the research,the researchers must provide a way to relieve that harm. 
D) As long as the participants are informed of the possibility of harm before the research begins,no ethical violations are considered.

Question 14

Which type of research design is intended to avoid the shortcomings of both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies by combining features of both?

Accepted Answer

A) Sequential design 
B) Cross-longitudinal design 
C) Longitudinal case study 
D) Correlational study

Question 15

Identify the periods of development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the periods of development....

Question 16

Adults in London,England,who were teenagers living there during the bombings of World War II,all report that their lives were changed by those events.This exemplifies which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Normative age-graded changes 
B) Normative critical periods 
C) Normative history-graded changes 
D) Non-normative life events

Question 17

Participants in research projects must be told of any harmful effects or possible risks associated with the research in advance of their participation.What is this ethical responsibility called?

Accepted Answer

A) Deception 
B) Protection from harm 
C) Knowledge of results 
D) Informed consent

Question 18

Which of the following is the best example of a longitudinal research study?

Accepted Answer

A) Dr.Ngo studied four groups of children aged six,eight,ten,and twelve to determine how therapy helps children cope with their parents' divorce. 
B) To determine how alcohol affects the retention of information,researchers monitored subjects' ingestion of alcohol while the subjects were learning to play a complicated game. 
C) Dr.Cisneros initially studied a group of recently-divorced 40-year-olds to evaluate their communication skills,and continued to study their interpersonal relationships for 30 years. 
D) In December 2004,researchers surveyed shoppers at local malls to assess peoples' attitudes about retirement and their plans for post-retirement activities.

Exam 1: Basic Concepts and Methods