Question 1

Which intelligence theorist assumed that more intelligent people would have more acute senses and faster reaction times?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewis Terman 
B)  Alfred Binet 
C)  Francis Galton 
D)  David Wechsler

Question 2

Alexandra firmly believes that intelligence consists of multiple independent abilities, including such intelligences as spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, and intrapersonal. Alexandra's belief is MOST consistent with the theory of intelligence developed by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cattell and Horn 
B)  Gardner 
C)  Spearman 
D)  Sternberg

Question 3

According to James Flynn, which of the following has likely contributed to the increase in intelligence test scores that has occurred over the past century?

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in family size 
B)  an increase in the number of colleges and universities 
C)  the change to an information-based society, which led people to get smarter overall 
D)  societal changes, which led people to get smarter in abstract, scientific thinking

Question 4

The genetically determined limits for an individual's intelligence is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the reaction range 
B)  the Flynn effect 
C)  heritability 
D)  genetic limitation

Question 5

The tendency for most people to try to solve the four-straight-lines version of the nine-circle problem by keeping their lines within the "mental square" illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  functional fixedness 
B)  fixation 
C)  an ill-defined problem 
D)  an algorithm

Question 6

After solving a series of mathematical problems using a complicated formula, Mark uses the same formula to solve another problem he could have solved using a much simpler formula. Mark's continued reliance on the complicated formula BEST illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  use of the availability heuristic 
C)  mental set 
D)  use of means-end analysis

Question 7

Because Janet is particularly likely to notice when the phone rings while she is in the shower, she believes that there is a relationship between taking a shower and receiving a phone call. This perceived relationship BEST illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance 
B)  an illusory correlation 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  person-who reasoning

Question 8

Adopted children would be expected to have test scores LEAST similar to their adoptive parents in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  early childhood 
B)  middle childhood 
C)  adolescence 
D)  young adulthood

Question 9

In an effort to quickly solve puzzles we might use _____, but to guarantee solutions we should use _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototypes; heuristics 
B)  algorithms; prototypes 
C)  heuristics; algorithms 
D)  algorithms; heuristics

Question 10

What is the tendency to erroneously believe that two variables are related when they actually are not?

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation bias 
B)  belief bias 
C)  belief perseverance 
D)  illusory correlation

Question 11

Which contributes to both the gambler's fallacy and the conjunction fallacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the representativeness heuristic 
B)  mental set 
C)  the anchoring and adjustment heuristic 
D)  fixation

Question 12

Mental set is to _____ as fixation is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  interpreting the problem; interpreting the problem 
B)  solving the problem; solving the problem 
C)  interpreting the problem; solving the problem 
D)  solving the problem; interpreting the problem

Question 13

The formula used when calculating an intelligence quotient is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  100 $\times$ IQ/chronological age 
B)  chronological age/mental age $\times$ 100 
C)  mental age/chronological age $\times$ 100 
D)  mental age/100 $\times$ 100

Question 14

What is the purpose of standardization?

Accepted Answer

A)  to predict what a child's IQ will be in adulthood 
B)  to permit interpretation of scores against norms 
C)  to determine similarities between the IQs of parents and IQs of their children 
D)  to enable calculation of a national mean IQ

Question 15

When Olivia and Amanda met for the first time, Olivia's first impression was that Amanda was rather unfriendly. Although subsequent meetings indicted that Amanda may really be friendly, Olivia failed to substantially change her initial impression. This tendency to cling to an initial impression is similar to processes that occur when people _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  use means-end analysis 
B)  work backward 
C)  use the anchoring and adjustment heuristic 
D)  overlook the conjunction rule

Question 16

A board game, such as Monopoly, is an example of a(n) _____ problem and determining the number of square feet in a room before purchasing carpet is an example of a(n) _____ problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  well-defined; ill-defined 
B)  well-defined; well-defined 
C)  ill-defined; well-defined 
D)  ill-defined; ill-defined

Question 17

Heritability indices indicate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  For an individual, 50 percent to 70 percent of intelligence is determined by genetic factors. 
B)  For an individual, 25 percent to 45 percent of intelligence is determined by genetic factors. 
C)  For a given population, 50 percent to 70 percent of the variation in intelligence is due to heredity. 
D)  For a given population, 25 percent to 45 percent of the variation in intelligence is due to heredity.

Question 18

_____ was the first intelligence theorist to argue that intelligence test performance is a function of general intelligence and specific intellectual abilities.

Accepted Answer

A)  L. L. Thurstone 
B)  Charles Spearman 
C)  Robert Sternberg 
D)  Raymond Cattell

Question 19

When asked to quickly estimate the product of 8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1, people give a much larger answer than when asked to quickly estimate the product of 1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8. This BEST illustrates the dynamics involved in using _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the anchoring and adjustment heuristic 
B)  the working backward heuristic 
C)  means-end analysis 
D)  an algorithm

Question 20

Karen's deviation IQ score falls 2 standard deviations above the mean for her age group; therefore, her deviation IQ score is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  90 
B)  100 
C)  120 
D)  130

Exam 6: Section 2: Thinking and Intelligence