Question 1

A memory structure used to describe the sequence in which events occur is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) a script. 
B) rehearsal. 
C) monitoring. 
D) repeated questioning.

Question 2

When writing, young children are more likely to use ________ strategies whereas adolescents more often use ________ strategies.

Accepted Answer

A) phonological; propositional 
B) prepositional; phonological 
C) knowledge-telling; knowledge-transforming 
D) knowledge-transforming; knowledge-telling

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes hereditary and environmental influences on intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) Heredity determines intelligence within the normal range. 
B) The environment determines intelligence within the normal range. 
C) Both heredity and environment determine intelligence. 
D) It is not possible to determine the effects of heredity and environment on intelligence.

Question 4

On mental rotation tasks,

Accepted Answer

A) boys' performance surpasses that of girls and this difference is maintained throughout childhood and adolescence. 
B) girls' performance surpasses that of boys and this difference is maintained throughout childhood and adolescence. 
C) boys and girls perform similarly until adolescence at which time boys' performance surpasses that of girls. 
D) boys and girls perform similarly throughout childhood and adolescence.

Question 5

Phonological awareness

Accepted Answer

A) in kindergarten is related to reading ability in first grade. 
B) cannot be improved by reading to a child. 
C) does not occur until after a child has learned to read. 
D) is the process of extracting meaning from words.

Question 6

What is intelligent behaviour for Kaylee, who lives in the midwestern United States, is not necessarily what would be intelligent behaviour for Salina, who lives in Kenya. This cultural difference in what would be considered intelligent behaviour is addressed by

Accepted Answer

A) Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence. 
B) psychometric theories of intelligence. 
C) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. 
D) Spearman's general factor of intelligence.

Question 7

Four-year-old Jasmine is asked to remember objects on a tray that she is shown for one minute. During the minute she is shown the objects, Jasmine looks at and touches each object. Jasmine is

Accepted Answer

A) using a memory strategy. 
B) using a script. 
C) monitoring. 
D) testing an alternate hypothesis.

Question 8

According to Piaget, the concrete operational child

Accepted Answer

A) cannot reverse mental operations. 
B) cannot solve conservation tasks. 
C) thinks in an abstract and hypothetical manner. 
D) knows that appearances can be deceiving.

Question 9

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory,

Accepted Answer

A) there are seven distinct intelligences. 
B) intelligence is defined by context, experience, and information-processing components. 
C) intelligence is a hierarchy of general and specific skills. 
D) traditional intelligence tests are the best measure of intelligence.

Question 10

What is the MA of an 8-year old with an IQ of 125?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 6 
D) 10

Question 11

Which of the following siblings would have the most similar IQ scores?

Accepted Answer

A) children and their adopted siblings 
B) siblings who have the same biological parents 
C) fraternal twins 
D) identical twins

Question 12

The idea that a general factor for intelligence, or g, is responsible for performance on all mental tests was introduced by

Accepted Answer

A) Gardner. 
B) Thurstone. 
C) Carroll. 
D) Spearman.

Question 13

Which of the following is not involved in successful learning and remembering?

Accepted Answer

A) using rehearsal because it is the most effective memory strategy 
B) identifying the goals of a memory problem 
C) choosing an effective memory strategy 
D) monitoring the effectiveness of the chosen memory strategy

Question 14

The impact of genetic inheritance on IQ

Accepted Answer

A) becomes stronger as children get older. 
B) decreases as children get older. 
C) stays the same throughout childhood. 
D) is not measurable.

Question 15

When students don't understand a new topic, good teachers will

Accepted Answer

A) repeat the original instruction verbatim. 
B) repeat the original instruction or create new instruction. 
C) change the topic to something the students do understand. 
D) take a break.

Question 16

Dr. Jones claims that there is a g, a general factor for intelligence. In an effort to support his claim, he gave several different tests to many people. Which of the following results would support his claim?

Accepted Answer

A) if performances by one individual were inconsistent across tasks 
B) if performances by one individual were consistent across tasks 
C) if, when people's scores were averaged across tests, everyone received about the same average score 
D) if individuals showed different patterns of high and low scores on tasks

Question 17

Which of the following intelligences is included both in Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences and in psychometric theories of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) musical 
B) bodily-kinesthetic 
C) interpersonal 
D) spatial

Question 18

Computers in the classroom

Accepted Answer

A) have been enthusiastically embraced by researchers, educators, and policy-makers. 
B) do not help children achieve traditional academic goals but help them achieve nontraditional goals instead. 
C) can function as tutors. 
D) do not allow students to explore the world in new and different ways.

Question 19

In the work of Sternberg and colleagues (2005) with "culture fair" tests of intelligence, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The tests provided results sensitive to intercultural abstract reasoning. 
B) The tests were more susceptible to cultural bias than other intelligence tests. 
C) The tests proved to be an excellent assessment tool adding to our understanding of the differences in intelligence between cultures. 
D) Intelligence tests, other than "culture fair" tests, did a poor job of taking cultural differences into account.

Question 20

Students learn more in all of the following situations except

Accepted Answer

A) when they are taught to manage their own learning. 
B) when teachers spend a lot of time disciplining students. 
C) when they are tutored by peers. 
D) when there are hands-on demonstrations.

Exam 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood