Question 1

According to Piaget, the basis on which schemas are created goes from ________ to ________ to ________ as children grow older.

Accepted Answer

A) abstract properties; functional and conceptual properties; physical activity 
B) physical activity; functional and conceptual properties; abstract properties 
C) functional and conceptual properties; physical activity; abstract properties 
D) physical activity; abstract properties; functional and conceptual properties

Question 2

There is a period of language learning around 18 months of age when children rapidly acquire new words. This phenomenon is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) language bloom. 
B) language explosion. 
C) word explosion. 
D) naming explosion.

Question 3

According to the rules that young children use to learn the meaning of new words, when Ravisha points to a picture of a boy in a blue shirt and says "boy" her 13-month-old son will assume that the word "boy" refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the boy. 
B) the boy's shirt. 
C) the color blue. 
D) the book that Ravisha is reading.

Question 4

Sensory memory

Accepted Answer

A) holds raw, unanalyzed information. 
B) is limitless and permanent. 
C) passes information to long-term memory. 
D) holds information for many days.

Question 5

Five-month-old Max has habituated to the picture by his crib. You would expect him to

Accepted Answer

A) show a preference for that picture over other pictures. 
B) spend less time looking at it now than he did when it was first placed by his crib. 
C) show the same behaviour toward the picture now as he did when he first saw it. 
D) spend more time looking at it now than when it was first placed by his crib.

Question 6

The limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge of the world is called

Accepted Answer

A) long-term memory. 
B) sensory memory. 
C) working memory. 
D) the information processor.

Question 7

The information-processing approach

Accepted Answer

A) is based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development. 
B) states that human thinking is based on mental hardware and mental software. 
C) proposes that there are four stages of cognitive development. 
D) is no longer a widely used theory of cognitive development.

Question 8

In substage 1 of the sensorimotor period, the infant's behaviour

Accepted Answer

A) is largely reflexive. 
B) is purposeful. 
C) involves primary and tertiary circular reactions. 
D) includes mental representations.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct order of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, and formal operational 
B) sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational 
C) sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, and concrete operational 
D) The order varies from individual to individual.

Question 10

In Piaget's theory, ________ are psychological structures that organize experience.

Accepted Answer

A) accommodations 
B) assimilations 
C) equilibrations 
D) schemas

Question 11

An infant accidentally hits a mobile and sees it move. The infant then hits the mobile repeatedly, making it move over and over again. This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) tertiary circular reaction. 
B) primary circular reaction. 
C) secondary circular reaction. 
D) mental representation.

Question 12

Working memory

Accepted Answer

A) holds visual images for a few seconds. 
B) is a limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge. 
C) is like a computer's hard drive. 
D) is the site of ongoing cognitive activity.

Question 13

Accommodation involves

Accepted Answer

A) changing a schema because of experience. 
B) incorporating new experiences into existing schemas. 
C) hypothetical and deductive reasoning. 
D) the reversal of mental operations.

Question 14

Seven-month-old Julius hears this conversation: John: I want to go swim. John's dad: Do you want to swim in the pool? John: No, I want to swim in the lake. If Julius then hears the words "run" and "swim," what would you expect him to do?

Accepted Answer

A) Pay more attention to "run" than to "swim." 
B) Pay more attention to "swim" than to "run." 
C) Pay equal attention to "run" and "swim." 
D) Say the words "run" and "swim."

Question 15

Kim has an expressive style of learning language. Ellie has a referential style of learning language. You would expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A) Kim knows more words that are names, but Ellie knows more social phrases. 
B) Kim knows more social phrases, but Ellie knows more words that are names. 
C) Kim knows more words that are names, but Ellie knows more question words. 
D) Kim and Ellie's vocabularies both contain equal numbers of words that are names, social phrases, and question words.

Question 16

Cooing refers to

Accepted Answer

A) single syllable utterances consisting of a consonant and vowel. 
B) the production of vowel-like sounds such as "ooooooo" or "ahhhhhhh." 
C) the repetition of a sound such as "dahdahdahdahdah." 
D) a pattern of rising and falling pitch.

Question 17

According to Piaget, a 7- to 11-year-old child is in the ________ period.

Accepted Answer

A) preoperational 
B) conservational 
C) formal operational 
D) concrete operational

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement concerning the rules children use to learn new words?

Accepted Answer

A) If an unfamiliar word is heard in the presence of objects that already have names and objects that don't, the word refers to one of the objects that doesn't have a name. 
B) A name refers to a part of an object, not the whole object. 
C) A name refers to one particular object not to all objects of the same type. 
D) If an object already has a name and another name is presented, the new name is incorrect.

Question 19

According to information-processing theorists, mental software consists of

Accepted Answer

A) built-in mental and neural structures. 
B) sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. 
C) a limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge. 
D) mental programs that are the basis for performing particular tasks.

Question 20

Children's attempts to adapt to the environment form a key feature of which theory of children's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Jean Jacques Rousseau. 
B) John Locke. 
C) Jean Piaget. 
D) Lev Vygotsky.

Exam 6: Cognition in Infants and Toddlers

According to Piaget, the basis on which schemas are created goes from to to as children grow older.