Question 1

A weakness of experimental studies is that

Accepted Answer

A) they cannot be used to determine cause and effect. 
B) results may not be representative of real-life behaviour. 
C) they cannot be used in a laboratory setting. 
D) they are usually expensive.

Question 2

Correlations can range from

Accepted Answer

A) 0 to 100 
B) 1 to 10 
C) ‒1.00 to 1.00 
D) ‒.10 to .10

Question 3

Which of the following is not part of Canada's Child Find mandate?

Accepted Answer

A) provide preventative safety education 
B) assist in the location of missing children 
C) advocate for the rights of children 
D) provide family counselling during reunification

Question 4

A researcher is interested in how the scores that children receive on a spelling test are affected by the amount of food that they eat for lunch. The independent variable is

Accepted Answer

A) the age of the children. 
B) the scores on the spelling test. 
C) the words on the spelling test. 
D) the amount of food eaten for lunch.

Question 5

A measure is ________ if the results are consistent over time.

Accepted Answer

A) representative 
B) reliable 
C) valid 
D) a sample

Question 6

Abe is investigating moral reasoning by asking children what they would do in different situations, such as if one of their friends shoplifted when they were together. He is concerned that children may be giving him the answers they think he wants to hear rather than their genuine feelings about what they would really do. Abe is worried about

Accepted Answer

A) cohort effects. 
B) representative sampling. 
C) demand characteristics. 
D) confidentiality.

Question 7

Sonja conducts an experiment to determine whether listening to music affects emotional state. She has children wait alone in a room that either did or did not have music playing and then has them complete a questionnaire asking about their current level of happiness. The independent variable in this study is

Accepted Answer

A) how happy they were before the study began. 
B) being alone in the room while waiting. 
C) whether or not music was playing in the room. 
D) their level of happiness as rated on the questionnaire.

Question 8

Which of the following is a disadvantage of longitudinal studies?

Accepted Answer

A) the development of "test-wise" subjects 
B) the problem of cohort effects 
C) sample of subjects over the course of the research stays the same 
D) cost is relatively low

Question 9

Deciding whether a research study is ethical is

Accepted Answer

A) usually solely the responsibility of the researcher. 
B) typically done by a review board. 
C) arbitrary because no one has established uniform guidelines for making decisions about whether research is ethical. 
D) determined by whether a study is deemed worthy of publication.

Question 10

Peer review is a difficult process because

Accepted Answer

A) academics can be relentlessly unforgiving. 
B) it takes a long time to receive a peer review. 
C) it generally is not a supported practice in academia. 
D) researchers are too easy on each others' work.

Question 11

Ludmilla is interested in finding out how children typically learn math concepts. She found a class of gifted math students willing to be her subjects. What might be an issue with using that particular group of students as subjects?

Accepted Answer

A) response bias 
B) representative sampling 
C) artificial setting 
D) cohort effects

Question 12

The fact that differences between age groups in a cross-sectional study may result as easily from chance environmental events as from significant developmental processes is

Accepted Answer

A) an example of the sample constancy problem. 
B) a major problem of longitudinal studies. 
C) a problem with a random sample from a population of interest. 
D) a major disadvantage of the cross-sectional approach.

Question 13

A microgenetic study would best be described as

Accepted Answer

A) a very short longitudinal study. 
B) a very long longitudinal study. 
C) a very short cross-sectional study. 
D) a very long cross-sectional study.

Question 14

Cohort effects are most likely to be a problem in ________ studies.

Accepted Answer

A) experimental 
B) correlational 
C) longitudinal 
D) cross-sectional

Exam 2: Research in Child Development