Question 1

Juliann is 4. If she is like most 4-year-olds, her naïve theory of biology will include the belief that

Accepted Answer

A)  animals can move by themselves, but inanimate objects can only be moved by other people or objects. 
B)  both animals and inanimate objects grow bigger and physically more complex. 
C)  the insides of both animate and inanimate objects contain the same kinds of materials. 
D)  when inanimate objects get damaged, they will heal by themselves, but when animate things are injured they must be fixed by humans.

Question 2

Consider the following: Premise 1: If an animal barks, it is a dog.
Premise 2: A snail barks.
The concrete operational child would fail to draw the conclusion that "a snail is a dog" because his or her conclusions are based on

Accepted Answer

A)  tertiary circular reactions. 
B)  experience. 
C)  deductive reasoning. 
D)  egocentrism.

Question 3

Information-processing theorists use a __________ as a model for human cognition.

Accepted Answer

A)  black box 
B)  microsystem 
C)  computer 
D)  macrosystem

Question 4

Assimilation and accommodation are usually in balance, or equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to Piaget, more advanced mental structures would not develop without

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  short-term storage space. 
C)  imitation. 
D)  disequilibrium.

Question 6

According to Piaget, infants are born with object permanence, the ability to understand that objects exist independently.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When Gavin and his father solve puzzles together, they share an understanding of the goals of the activity and their roles in solving the puzzles. This illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  intersubjectivity. 
B)  deductive reasoning. 
C)  zone of proximal development. 
D)  guided participation.

Question 8

Most children in Western cultures have well-defined ideas about what "essences" are.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Sensory memory holds information the longest of the three types of memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

According to Piaget, each stage of cognitive development involves consistent thought across different tasks. Recent research has found

Accepted Answer

A)  very consistent performance across tasks as Piaget would predict. 
B)  very consistent performance across tasks only in concrete operational children. 
C)  inconsistent performance across tasks only in formal operational adolescents. 
D)  inconsistent performance across tasks contrary to Piaget's predictions.

Question 11

Preoperational children's incorrect responses on conservation tasks are best explained by the __________, which is characteristic of their thought.

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentrism 
B)  deductive reasoning 
C)  centered thinking 
D)  animism

Question 12

Your friend, Andre, is the father of a 12-month-old daughter, Brooke. Meal time has become a very frustrating time for Andre because Brooke repeatedly pushes her sippy cup and different foods that she is eating off the high chair and onto the floor. The first time that she did this it appeared to Andre that it was an accident but now he is convinced that his daughter is deliberately pushing her cup and food onto the floor to annoy him. Based on what you know about infants being active experimenters, what can you tell Andre that might make him feel better?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend, Andre, is the father of...

Question 13

Juan believes that a watermelon seed planted in a cornfield will produce watermelons. Juan believes that all watermelons share a "watermelon-ness" which makes them different from corn. Juan's understanding demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  his belief that all living things have a purpose. 
B)  his belief that all living things have an essence that can't be seen, but gives a living thing its identity. 
C)  his belief that objects move along connected, continuous paths. 
D)  his belief that objects cannot move through other objects.

Question 14

Centration is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  difficulty in seeing the world from another's outlook. 
B)  crediting inanimate objects with real-life properties. 
C)  believing an object's appearance tells what the object is really like. 
D)  focusing on one aspect of a problem, while ignoring other relevant aspects of the problem.

Question 15

Knowledge of people was the first core-domain identified by scientists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which characteristic of the concrete operational child's thinking allows him or her to solve Piaget's conservation problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  reversible mental operations 
B)  hypothetical thinking 
C)  egocentrism 
D)  animism

Question 17

__________ refers to a teaching style that matches the amount of assistance to the learner's needs.

Accepted Answer

A)  The zone of proximal development 
B)  Private speech 
C)  Scaffolding 
D)  Hypothetical reasoning

Question 18

Many 4-year-olds believe that

Accepted Answer

A)  inanimate objects move by themselves. 
B)  only living things have offspring. 
C)  inanimate objects can grow. 
D)  the internal parts of animate and inanimate objects are the same.

Question 19

Preschoolers' naïve theories of biology are complex but incomplete. For instance they believe that plants are not living things.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Information-processing theorists believe that developmental change occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  as a result of equilibration. 
B)  in several different forms, rather than by a single mechanism. 
C)  when mental structures are massively reorganized. 
D)  in a social context.

Exam 6: Theories of Cognitive Development

Juliann is 4. If she is like most 4-year-olds, her naïve theory of biology will include the belief that

Consider the following: Premise 1: If an animal barks, it is a dog. Premise 2: A snail barks. The concrete operational child would fail to draw the conclusion that "a snail is a dog" because his or her conclusions are based on

Information-processing theorists use a __________ as a model for human cognition.

Assimilation and accommodation are usually in balance, or equilibrium.

According to Piaget, more advanced mental structures would not develop without

According to Piaget, infants are born with object permanence, the ability to understand that objects exist independently.

When Gavin and his father solve puzzles together, they share an understanding of the goals of the activity and their roles in solving the puzzles. This illustrates the concept of

Most children in Western cultures have well-defined ideas about what "essences" are.

Sensory memory holds information the longest of the three types of memory.

According to Piaget, each stage of cognitive development involves consistent thought across different tasks. Recent research has found

Preoperational children's incorrect responses on conservation tasks are best explained by the __________, which is characteristic of their thought.

Juan believes that a watermelon seed planted in a cornfield will produce watermelons. Juan believes that all watermelons share a "watermelon-ness" which makes them different from corn. Juan's understanding demonstrates

Centration is characterized by

Knowledge of people was the first core-domain identified by scientists.

Which characteristic of the concrete operational child's thinking allows him or her to solve Piaget's conservation problem?

__________ refers to a teaching style that matches the amount of assistance to the learner's needs.

Many 4-year-olds believe that

Preschoolers' naïve theories of biology are complex but incomplete. For instance they believe that plants are not living things.

Information-processing theorists believe that developmental change occurs