Question 1

On a fixed-ratio schedule reinforcement is given _________ .

Accepted Answer

A) for the first correct response after randomly varying amounts of time have passed 
B) for the next correct response after a fixed number of responses have been made 
C) for the first correct response after a fixed amount of time has passed 
D) for the next correct response after a varying number of responses have been made

Question 2

A key to social learning theory is ____________ .

Accepted Answer

A) insight learning 
B) cognitive mapping 
C) latent learning 
D) observational learning

Question 3

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the CONDITIONED response is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) increased heartbeat 
B) nude female's picture 
C) sounds of the buzzer 
D) viewing of the picture

Question 4

As she walked through her neighborhood,Jodie,a 6 year old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it,but as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size.Jodie now cries when she sees any dog,big or small,brown or black,etc.This illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) discrimination 
C) extinction 
D) spontaneous recovery

Question 5

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A) the person lighting the firecrackers 
B) the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C) the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D) the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Question 6

Scott works at a job where he is paid a salary every 2 weeks.Scott is being reinforced on a _______ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval

Question 7

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) trial and error 
C) classical conditioning 
D) shaping

Question 8

A person receiving a monthly salary is on a:

Accepted Answer

A) continuous reinforcement schedule. 
B) fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. 
C) fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. 
D) variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Question 9

On a variable-ratio schedule,reinforcement is given _______.

Accepted Answer

A) for the first correct response after a specific amount of time has passed 
B) for correct responses after randomly varying amounts of time have passed 
C) after a specific number of responses are given 
D) after a randomly varying number of responses are given

Exam 4: Learning