Question 1

In a large study that examines the ability of a new instrument to measure the types of achievement motivation. Min relations of the items to one another. She has employed which of the following analysis approaches?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiple Linear Regression 
B)  Factor Analysis 
C)  Discriminate function analysis 
D)  Canonical correlation

Question 2

The most commonly used correlation is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson r. 
B)  eta. 
C)  Kendall's tau. 
D)  Spearman's rho.

Question 3

Jamie found an internal consistency reliability coefficient of .60 for his measure of spatial ability. Jaime's instrument

Accepted Answer

A)  shows high internal consistency reliability. 
B)  shows adequate internal consistency reliability. 
C)  shows minimally acceptable internal consistency reliability. 
D)  shows poor internal consistency reliability.

Question 4

According to your text, the fewest number of participants required for a correlation study is

Accepted Answer

A)  15. 
B)  30. 
C)  45. 
D)  60.

Question 5

A strong negative correlation coefficient indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  two variables are not related. 
B)  two variables are inversely related. 
C)  there has been measurement error. 
D)  there has been calculation error

Question 6

Yeung reported a correlation of .70 between hours of exercise and self-reported stress-level in graduate students. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two variables were unrelated in her study. 
B)  As hours of exercise increased, stress generally increased. 
C)  Her finding represents a moderate effect. 
D)  Her results represent significant differences.

Question 7

When considering the use of Spearman rho or Pearson r for use with a small sample.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spearman's rho is more accurate than Pearson r 
B)  Spearman's rho is easier to calculate. 
C)  Pearson r is the appropriate measure to use. 
D)  Pearson r is easier to calculate.

Question 8

For each, consider the information the correlation provides.
-Russell, a principal in a large urban district, finds a correlation of r=.72 between number of free periods in a student's schedule and number of discipline referrals for that student. This correlation indicates that at his school

Accepted Answer

A)  free periods and discipline referrals are independent. 
B)  as the number of free periods decrease the likelihood of discipline referral decreases. 
C)  as the number of free periods decrease the likelihood of discipline referral increases 
D)  free periods and discipline referrals directly correspond to one another.

Question 9

In a prediction study of low achieving students academic motivation, Hillary was surprised that achievement scores were not a significant predictor of motivation. Hillary's analysis is most likely is displaying

Accepted Answer

A)  shrinkage. 
B)  attenuation. 
C)  standard variance. 
D)  restriction of range.

Question 10

Generally, when more variables are added to a prediction equation

Accepted Answer

A)  more variance in the criterion variable is accounted for. 
B)  more variance in the predictor variables are accounted for. 
C)  less variance in the criterion variable is accounted for. 
D)  less variance in the predictor variable is accounted for.

Question 11

Correlation studies must include

Accepted Answer

A)  two or more levels of independent variable. 
B)  two or more variables and one group. 
C)  three or more variables and two groups. 
D)  one independent variable and two dependent variables.

Question 12

Given a correlation of r=.60, the common variance shared by the variables is

Accepted Answer

A)  16%. 
B)  36%. 
C)  60%. 
D)  90%.

Question 13

Paisley found no significant relationship in her study of number of friends and alcohol consumption in University women. Of the following which is likely a correlation she reported?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.68 
B)  -.14 
C)  .52 
D)  1.0

Question 14

Which of the following measures is used when the criterion variable in a prediction study is categorical?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiple regression 
B)  Path analysis 
C)  Discriminate function analysis 
D)  Connonical correlation

Question 15

Given a correlation of r=.80, the common variance shared by the variables is approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  40% 
C)  65% 
D)  80%

Question 16

Shrinkage refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  lowered accuracy in a prediction equation when it is applied to a new sample. 
B)  combining many variables in order to predict the most amount of variance. 
C)  effects of unreliable instruments underestimating the correlation. 
D)  a measure of the error found in a regression equation.

Question 17

For each, consider the information the correlation provides.
-Joyce read a study that reported students' age was correlated r= -.68 with classroom management referrals. This correlation indicates as age increases,

Accepted Answer

A)  classroom management referrals are about equally likely to decrease or increase. 
B)  classroom management referrals are more likely to decrease. 
C)  classroom management referrals are more likely to increase. 
D)  classroom management referrals are likely to remain at the same level.

Question 18

For each, consider the information the correlation provides.
-Monica, on the other hand, reported a correlation of 3.4 between community service and interest in helping professions among adolescents. This finding suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no relationship between community service and interest in helping professions. 
B)  the more community service one performs the more likely one is to have interest in a helping profession. 
C)  the more community service one performs the less likely one is to have interest in a helping profession. 
D)  Monica has calculated the correlation incorrectly because 3.4 is not a possible correlation coefficient.

Question 19

Which of the following demonstrates the strongest correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.0 
B) 1.5 
C)  .65 
D) -.72

Question 20

Barb is calculating the correlations between test items on a new version of her I like school assessment. Of the following, which is likely a correlation coefficient for her to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kendall's tau 
B)  Spearman's rho 
C)  Correlation ratio 
D)  Phi coefficient

Exam 8: Correlational Research and Resources