Question 1

After suffering a stroke, Lisa was able to understand what people said to her but was unable to speak to them. The stroke probably damaged her:

Accepted Answer

A) pineal gland. 
B) Broca's area. 
C) hippocampus. 
D) temporal lobe.

Question 2

Who conditioned a fear of a harmless white rat in "Little Albert"?

Accepted Answer

A) Ivan Pavlov 
B) Sigmund Freud 
C) B. F. Skinner 
D) John Watson

Question 3

_____ developed a "field theory" that viewed social behavior as governed by forces both internal and external to the individual.

Accepted Answer

A) Norman Triplett 
B) Solomon Asch 
C) Gordon Allport 
D) Kurt Lewin

Question 4

_____ is described as the scientific study of objectively observable behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Functionalism 
B) Structuralism 
C) Behaviorism 
D) Psychoanalysis

Question 5

The French physician Paul Broca discovered a brain region that was associated with the:

Accepted Answer

A) production and understanding of speech. 
B) production of speech. 
C) understanding of speech. 
D) ability to understand novel speech.

Question 6

Studies have demonstrated that we attend to only a fraction of the sensory information that the brain receives. Based on this information, William James would be MOST interested in which research question?

Accepted Answer

A) What are the basic elements of sensory information? 
B) Do unattended sensory experiences exist in the unconscious? 
C) Will more information be perceived if participants are reinforced by cash incentives for better attention? 
D) Why might it be advantageous for the mind to filter out most sensory information?

Question 7

Wundt believed that scientific psychology should focus on analyzing the basic elements comprising consciousness, an approach he called:

Accepted Answer

A) functionalism. 
B) psychoanalysis. 
C) structuralism. 
D) dualism.

Question 8

Some early philosophers believed that certain kinds of knowledge were innate or inborn, a theory known as:

Accepted Answer

A) functionalism. 
B) nativism. 
C) philosophical empiricism. 
D) structuralism.

Question 9

In which year did the first woman become president of the American Psychological Association?

Accepted Answer

A) 1995 
B) 1905 
C) 2005 
D) 1970

Question 10

A cognitive psychologist who argued that it wasn't an environmental stimulus, but rather the subjective experience-or construal-of the stimulus that led to behavior, was:

Accepted Answer

A) Karl Lashley. 
B) John Watson. 
C) Kurt Lewin. 
D) Noam Chomsky.

Question 11

Which statement about John Watson is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) He completely denied the existence of mental events. 
B) He denied that genetic factors influence behavior. 
C) He believed that environmental factors were the most important influences on behavior. 
D) He believed that nature was more important than nurture in determining behavior.

Question 12

Compared to the typical APA member in 1910, the typical APA member in 2010 is more likely to be all of these EXCEPT a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) academic researcher. 
B) woman. 
C) racial minority. 
D) professional in health-related fields.

Question 13

After conducting repeated experiments in which he first trained rats to navigate a maze and then removed tiny sections of their brains to see if that brain region eliminated learning, Lashley reported that:

Accepted Answer

A) learning the maze could be erased by removing a tiny section of Broca's area. 
B) the memory of the maze was localized in the right hemisphere of the brain. 
C) the memory of the maze was localized in the left hemisphere of the brain. 
D) no one brain region seemed to uniquely and reliably eliminate maze learning.

Question 14

Who opened the first psychological laboratory in North America?

Accepted Answer

A) G. Stanley Hall 
B) William James 
C) John Watson 
D) Wilhelm Wundt

Question 15

In the 1950s, the advent of computers had an enormous influence on how psychologists conceptualized the mind. In this conceptualization, the mind was analogous to:

Accepted Answer

A) computer hardware 
B) computer software 
C) an electrical source 
D) data storage devices

Question 16

Hermann von Helmholtz is most remembered for:

Accepted Answer

A) debunking phrenology. 
B) opening the first laboratory to conduct purely psychological experiments. 
C) being the first to measure the speed of a nervous impulse. 
D) discovering the relation between emotion and the amygdala.

Question 17

Dr. Aguilera studies the influence of peer pressure on adolescents. Which area of psychology does her research BEST represent?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive psychology 
B) social psychology 
C) clinical psychology 
D) cultural psychology

Question 18

Errors of perception, memory, or judgment in which subjective experience differs from objective reality are called:

Accepted Answer

A) memory lapses. 
B) Gestalts. 
C) Freudian slips. 
D) illusions.

Question 19

The psychological approach that emphasizes that the mind is a collection of specialized components that are designed to overcome problems that our ancestors faced over millions of years is:

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalysis. 
B) existential psychology. 
C) cultural psychology. 
D) evolutionary psychology.

Question 20

_____ believed that the mind and body are different from each other, and linked by the pineal gland.

Accepted Answer

A) Gall. 
B) Hobbes. 
C) Descartes. 
D) Aristotle.

Exam 1: Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science