Question 1

Differences between age groups resulting from environmental events rather than developmental processes are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  response biases. 
B)  cohort effects. 
C)  representative samplings. 
D)  artificial settings.

Question 2

Jaraan was never really able to answer the question "Who am I?" as a teenager. Erikson would predict that during young adulthood, Jaraan will

Accepted Answer

A)  be likely to view his life as satisfactory and worth living. 
B)  establish a loving relationship with another person. 
C)  develop the ability to try new things and handle failure. 
D)  have difficulty forming intimate relationships.

Question 3

Professor Gordon is studying the effects of peer relationships on emotional well-being in Canadian children. She collects information from a sample of 900 Grade 3 children. Although she has a lot of information about these particular 900 children, what does she need to do in order to draw conclusions about Canadian Grade 3 children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prove her null hypothesis. 
B)  Interview every Grade 3 child in Canada. 
C)  Discuss the findings with researchers in other countries. 
D)  Calculate inferential statistics.

Question 4

________ uses developmental research to promote healthy development, particularly for vulnerable children and families.

Accepted Answer

A)  Family policy 
B)  Applied developmental science 
C)  A quasi-experimental design 
D)  The Index of Social Health for Children and Youth (ISHCY)

Question 5

The ______ design has been referred to as a "snapshot" taken at one point in time.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  longitudinal-sequential

Question 6

The view that children are active in their development means that children are at the mercy of their environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When writing a paper, which of the following is the APA-style way to let your reader know whose research you are referring to?

Accepted Answer

A)  (Lester Loschky and George McConkie, 2002) 
B)  (1999, Logan and Zbrodoff) 
C)  (LeFevre & Morris, 1999) 
D)  (Craik and colleague, 1972)

Question 8

If an ego could talk, it might say

Accepted Answer

A)  "I want to eat NOW!" 
B)  "Do you think that is the right and honourable way to act?" 
C)  "Let's see if we can discuss this issue calmly and rationally." 
D)  "Is that what your mother would do?"

Question 9

Name and briefly describe the eight stages of Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and briefly describe the eight stages...

Question 10

Marcio studies developmental changes in intelligence by testing one group of subjects when they are 4, 8, 12, and 16 years of age. What kind of design is Marcio using?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report 
B)  observational 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  longitudinal

Question 11

The view that development is a result of the unfolding of a specific and prearranged scheme or plan within the body is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  Konrad Lorenz's ethological theory. 
B)  Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory. 
C)  Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory. 
D)  Arnold Gesell's maturational theory.

Question 12

Raeann believes that babies are born with tendencies to form emotional bonds with their caregivers because it makes them more likely to survive. Raeann's beliefs fit most closely with ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  maturational 
B)  psychodynamic 
C)  learning 
D)  ethological

Question 13

Which of the following is true of naturalistic observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers usually record all of a child's behaviours. 
B)  Because children are being observed in their natural settings, the behaviour of interest in less likely to be disturbed. 
C)  This method is useful for studying phenomena that occur rarely. 
D)  This method is useful for studying behaviours that occur in private settings.

Question 14

Urie Bronfenbrenner proposed a theory which holds that the developing child is a blank slate prior to learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to Freud, if we experience conflict during a stage of our development, this could result in ________, which means that later in life we will have a tendency to return to behaviours reminiscent of that stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  generativity 
B)  fixation 
C)  latency 
D)  a critical period

Question 16

During Piaget's preoperational period, knowledge of the world is based on an infant's sensory and motor skills.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A consequence that decreases the future likelihood of the behaviour that it follows is called

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  punishment.

Question 18

Compared to Bandura, Skinner proposed that the child plays a more active role in learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

According to maturational theory, parents should carefully construct their children's environments so that behaviours like speech, play, and reasoning will all emerge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A correlation of .82 was found between the number of hours studied and final exam scores. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  students who studied less received higher exam scores. 
B)  students who studied less received lower exam scores. 
C)  studying caused students to receive higher exam scores. 
D)  the amount of studying was unrelated to exam scores.

Exam 1: B: The Science of Child Development

Differences between age groups resulting from environmental events rather than developmental processes are referred to as

Jaraan was never really able to answer the question "Who am I?" as a teenager. Erikson would predict that during young adulthood, Jaraan will

________ uses developmental research to promote healthy development, particularly for vulnerable children and families.

The ______ design has been referred to as a "snapshot" taken at one point in time.

The view that children are active in their development means that children are at the mercy of their environments.

When writing a paper, which of the following is the APA-style way to let your reader know whose research you are referring to?

If an ego could talk, it might say

Name and briefly describe the eight stages of Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

Marcio studies developmental changes in intelligence by testing one group of subjects when they are 4, 8, 12, and 16 years of age. What kind of design is Marcio using?

The view that development is a result of the unfolding of a specific and prearranged scheme or plan within the body is characteristic of

Raeann believes that babies are born with tendencies to form emotional bonds with their caregivers because it makes them more likely to survive. Raeann's beliefs fit most closely with ________ theory.

Which of the following is true of naturalistic observations?

Urie Bronfenbrenner proposed a theory which holds that the developing child is a blank slate prior to learning.

According to Freud, if we experience conflict during a stage of our development, this could result in ________, which means that later in life we will have a tendency to return to behaviours reminiscent of that stage.

During Piaget's preoperational period, knowledge of the world is based on an infant's sensory and motor skills.

A consequence that decreases the future likelihood of the behaviour that it follows is called

Compared to Bandura, Skinner proposed that the child plays a more active role in learning.

According to maturational theory, parents should carefully construct their children's environments so that behaviours like speech, play, and reasoning will all emerge.

A correlation of .82 was found between the number of hours studied and final exam scores. This means that