Question 1

The best synonym for Kagan's "inhibition to the unfamiliar" is

Accepted Answer

A) fear. 
B) resentment. 
C) shyness. 
D) laziness.

Question 2

The more secure a child's attachment to a nurturing adult,the

Accepted Answer

A) more dependent the child will be. 
B) more anxious the child will be. 
C) less interest the child will have in exploring his surroundings. 
D) more engaged she is when exploring her surroundings.

Question 3

Young children's relationships with their siblings are usually

Accepted Answer

A) characterized by rivalry. 
B) characterized by affection and attachment. 
C) stressful for later-borns. 
D) important from birth.

Question 4

The earliest smile,a reflex smile,appears

Accepted Answer

A) shortly after birth. 
B) when a baby is about 2 weeks old. 
C) when a baby is about 4 weeks old. 
D) when a baby is about 6 weeks old.

Question 5

A baby's attachment style is best characterized by how a mother soothes an upset baby rather than how that child acts when she is not around.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Marcus started crying because his friend Timothy was crying.This is a sign that he is developing empathy.Empathy depends on

Accepted Answer

A) self-consciousness. 
B) self-awareness. 
C) social cognition. 
D) self-evaluation.

Question 7

A securely attached child generally grows up to be

Accepted Answer

A) dependent on parents. 
B) dependent on a mate. 
C) independent. 
D) controlling.

Question 8

Infants' cognitive understanding that they are functioning beings,separate from the rest of their world,is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) self-recognition. 
B) self-awareness. 
C) self-conceptualization. 
D) self-evaluation.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding infant emotions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) When babies want or need something,they cry. 
B) When babies feel sociable,they smile. 
C) At first,crying signifies physical discomfort;later,it signals psychological distress. 
D) Babies display their first social smile within minutes of birth.

Question 10

Define attachment.Describe the Ainsworth "Strange Situation," and differentiate the four types of attachment.What are the current critiques of this study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define attachment.Describe the Ainsworth "Strange Situation," and...

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between brain development and emotional development is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) In the first three months,the cerebral cortex becomes functional,and cognitive perceptions come into play. 
B) Around 9 or 10 months,the connections between the frontal cortex and the limbic system may facilitate the relationship between cognition and emotion. 
C) In the second year,infants develop self-awareness and self-conscious emotions and a greater capacity for self-regulation. 
D) In the third year,maturation of the sympathetic system provides the mechanisms to control the parasympathetic system,which prepares the body for action.

Question 12

According to the New York Longitudinal Study,40% of children exhibit a temperamental pattern described as

Accepted Answer

A) difficult. 
B) slow-to-warm-up. 
C) easy. 
D) mixed.

Question 13

Chinmay starts to get into his father's toolbox,even though his father has told him not to do so.As he reaches for the toolbox,Chinmay begins to feel guilty and decides to leave the tools alone.Chinmay has developed

Accepted Answer

A) situational compliance. 
B) negativism. 
C) social referencing. 
D) a conscience.

Question 14

Leah cries every time her mother leaves the house.Leah's distress when a familiar caregiver leaves is called

Accepted Answer

A) attachment. 
B) separation anxiety. 
C) stranger anxiety. 
D) basic mistrust.

Question 15

The best way to respond to an infant who is crying is to

Accepted Answer

A) ignore the cries to avoid spoiling the baby. 
B) let the baby cry for a considerable time before responding. 
C) respond regularly with tender,soothing care. 
D) respond immediately each time the infant cries.

Question 16

Peter,age 1,rarely cries when his mother leaves him with a babysitter.When his mother returns,he seems angry and refuses to let her hold him.Peter's pattern of attachment would best be classified as

Accepted Answer

A) ambivalent. 
B) avoidant. 
C) disorganized-disoriented. 
D) secure.

Question 17

One of the earliest behavioral differences between boys and girls is a preference for

Accepted Answer

A) certain toys and play activities. 
B) the same-sex parent. 
C) female preschool teachers. 
D) male role models.

Question 18

Mothers who respond sensitively to their infants end up with babies that fall asleep faster,sleep longer,and wake less often.

Accepted Answer