Question 1

Because Janet is perceived by Hal as being warm, Hal also judges Janet to be friendly, kind, and sincere. This is an example of which rating error?

Accepted Answer

A)   the halo effect
B)   the leniency bias
C)   the logical error in rating
D)   the central tendency bias A

Question 2

An example of a structured personality measure is the

Accepted Answer

A)   Rorschach test. 
B)  Minnesota Multiphasic 
C)   Thematic Apperception Test.
D)   Semantic Differential Scale. (101) 
E)  Personality Inventory. B

Question 3

Andrew is given a series of pictures and asked to make up a story explaining each picture. Which personality measure is Andrew completing?

Accepted Answer

A)   MMPI
B)   TAT
C)   Rorschach
D)   Thurstone B

Question 4

Barbara refuses to use the "not at all" and the "extremely" response options on a rating scale. Which rating error does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A)   acquiescent response set
B)   logical error in rating
C)   leniency bias
D)   central tendency bias

Question 5

Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji (1995) developed an approach intended to measure what they called implicit attitudes, using what they called the

Accepted Answer

A)   Implicit Attitude Test (IAT) .
B)   Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) .
C)   Forced-choice scale.
D)   Central tendency bias.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of face-to-face interviews?

Accepted Answer

A)   Face-to-face interviews provide an opportunity to establish rapport with the respondents.
B)   Face-to-face interviews provide an opportunity to help respondents with interpretation of the questions.
C)   Face-to-face interviews provide an opportunity to challenge the respondents on questionable answers.
D)   Face-to-face interviews allow flexibility in determining the wording and sequence of questions.

Question 7

__________ measures allow one the opportunity to freely express one's feelings whereas __________ measures do not.

Accepted Answer

A)   Open-ended; fixed-choice
B)   Fixed-choice; open-ended
C)   Structured; fixed-choice
D)   Open-ended; unstructured

Question 8

Self-report measures that allow respondents to express their feelings and impressions in their own words are referred to as __________ measures.

Accepted Answer

A)   open-ended
B)   fixed-choice
C)   standardized
D)   closed

Question 9

"Yea sayers" are respondents who exhibit which response bias?

Accepted Answer

A)   central tendency bias
B)   acquiescent response set
C)   logical error in rating
D)   leniency bias

Question 10

While making interpersonal judgments, Fred gives a person similar ratings on traits that he sees as being interrelated without serious consideration of whether the person actually exhibits all of these traits. This is an example of which rating error?

Accepted Answer

A)   halo effect
B)   logical error in rating
C)   central tendency bias
D)   acquiescent response set

Question 11

Self-report measures that provide respondents with fixed response options are referred to as __________ measures.

Accepted Answer

A)   open-ended
B)   precise
C)   fixed-choice
D)   forced-choice

Question 12

True-false questions utilize which type of rating scale?

Accepted Answer

A)   numerical
B)   forced-choice
C)   graphic
D)   Likert

Question 13

The script an interviewer uses to ask questions during a face-to-face interview is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   self-report measure.
B)   interview schedule.
C)   interview questionnaire.
D)   interviewer report.

Question 14

One way to overcome problems associated with the reliance on one's memory in self-reports is to use a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   Thurstone scale.
B)   projective test.
C)   behavioral diary.
D)   face-to-face interview.

Question 15

Why must researchers sometimes use self-report measures rather than exclusively relying on systematic observations of behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why must researchers sometimes use self-report measures...

Question 16

Which type of rating scale may be effective in minimizing the halo effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   forced-choice
B)   bipolar
C)   numerical
D)   graphic

Question 17

The primary difference between attitudes and opinions is that

Accepted Answer

A)   attitudes are a guiding label and opinions are not.
B)   attitudes can be used with a Likert scale but opinions cannot.
C)   opinions are verbal entities that can be measured directly, while attitudes are inferred entities.
D)   opinions influence participants' behavior in some way, while attitudes are designed to bring out explicit verbal responses.

Question 18

Upon examination of a respondent's answers, Tom notices that the individual circled the "strongly agree" option for every item on the questionnaire. This is most likely an example of which response bias?

Accepted Answer

A)   logical error in rating
B)   leniency bias
C)   halo effect
D)   acquiescent response set

Question 19

Interested in the freshman year experience, David asks freshmen to describe in their own words the first college class that they had attended. David is most likely using which self-report method?

Accepted Answer

A)   the projective test
B)   the critical incident technique
C)   the semantic differential
D)   the structured interview

Question 20

Self-report measures that are developed and are administered and scored according to certain rules are referred to as __________ measures.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-choice
B)   open-ended
C)   psychological
D)   standardized

Exam 5: Methods for Looking Within Ourselves