Question 1

In comparison to early asylums,present-day mental hospitals

Accepted Answer

A) provide a great deal of stimulation. 
B) provide intensive individual therapy. 
C) are primarily custodial. 
D) are well-staffed with nurses and psychiatrists,but have few psychologists.

Question 2

Describe the differences between operant and classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the differences between operant and classical...

Question 3

Dr.Smith argues that the desire to hunt is built into all men dating back to the times of cave men.Dr.Smith is relying on the concept of

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) collective unconscious. 
C) self-actualization. 
D) sublimation.

Question 4

Simply witnessing someone perform certain activities can increase or decrease diverse kinds of behavior,such as sharing,aggression,and fear.This phenomenon is known as

Accepted Answer

A) shaping. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) modeling.

Question 5

Esther was a patient of Mesmer,who was treating her for blindness.What was the likely scenario when she entered his treatment room?

Accepted Answer

A) a quiet room,with a soft reclining chair 
B) a 'bleeding device' used to drain blood believed to be in excess that resulted in psychogenic blindness 
C) a stock of chemical- filled rods,with Mesmer presiding over the room 
D) a sterile,well-lit room with several doctors in white laboratory coats

Question 6

The word 'lunacy' comes from a theory espoused by Paracelsus,who attributed odd behavior to

Accepted Answer

A) the effects of a full moon. 
B) drinking the witches brew. 
C) a misalignment of the moon and stars. 
D) witchcraft.

Question 7

Pairing a stimulus that is attractive to someone with an unpleasant event is known as

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) punishment. 
C) aversive conditioning. 
D) negative conditioning.

Question 8

Conflicts from a particular stage of development,according to Freud,will

Accepted Answer

A) be completely ignored. 
B) be unimportant in later stages. 
C) continue to affect development. 
D) be important only when one is informed of the specific conflict.

Question 9

Some of the first asylums for the mentally ill

Accepted Answer

A) performed lobotomies on patients. 
B) were associated with medical care,and thus were more humane. 
C) relied heavily on talk therapy. 
D) were tourist attractions.

Question 10

Bedlam

Accepted Answer

A) originated from observations of ritualistic chantings of 'witches'. 
B) was a common practice of witches that involved trances and casting spells. 
C) is the term associated with the chaotic conditions at early asylums. 
D) is the practice of prescribing total bed rest for mentally ill people.

Question 11

The superego allows us to

Accepted Answer

A) be capable of rational thought. 
B) know right from wrong. 
C) act in line with reality. 
D) be spontaneous.

Question 12

Who is associated with creating more humane environments at mental hospitals?

Accepted Answer

A) Emil Kraepelin 
B) Joseph Breuer 
C) Philippe Pinel 
D) John Watson

Question 13

Variations in cultural background make it difficult to define mental disorder as simply behavior which

Accepted Answer

A) involves a deviation from social norms. 
B) leads to dysfunction. 
C) improves after therapy. 
D) causes personal distress.

Question 14

Dorothea Dix is famous for

Accepted Answer

A) greatly improving the standard of care for people with mental illness. 
B) overseeing the creation of thirty-two state hospitals for the mentally ill. 
C) providing moral treatment to many people with mental illness. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 15

The reasoning behind hypnosis as developed by Mesmer was that

Accepted Answer

A) changing magnetic fields in his patients would result in symptom reduction. 
B) relaxation was a sufficient treatment for alleviating symptoms. 
C) frightening patients would result in symptom reduction. 
D) faith in the healer caused healing.

Question 16

The earliest experimental work on classical conditioning was conducted by

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura. 
B) Tolman. 
C) Skinner. 
D) Pavlov.

Question 17

Anne experienced extreme pain at the dentist as a child.Now,she goes to a different dentist,but feels her heart race when she arrives,and goes down when she leaves.Her heart racing whenever she goes to the dentist is due to ______________,and the calming feeling when she leaves is due to _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning,operant conditioning. 
B) operant conditioning,classical conditioning. 
C) operant conditioning,meditational learning. 
D) operant conditioning,modeling.

Question 18

Mental illness in the 21st century

Accepted Answer

A) is conceptualized mostly from a psychoanalytic perspective. 
B) remains stigmatized. 
C) is largely treated by the cathartic method. 
D) is seldom treated with psychotherapy.

Question 19

Contrast psychoanalysis with behaviorism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast psychoanalysis with behaviorism....

Question 20

The 'Malleus Maleficarum' was a

Accepted Answer

A) witch hunt manual. 
B) ceremonial guide used by witches. 
C) treatment manual used in early mental hospitals. 
D) Freudian perspective on mental illness.

Exam 1: Introduction and Historical Overview