Question 1

The extent to which research can be generalized to real-life situations is known as

Accepted Answer

A) reactivity. 
B) ecological validity. 
C) research validation. 
D) experimenter effects.

Question 2

Doug is conducting a study of gender differences in conversation dyads.He decides to sit in the student center and watch male/male dyads versus female/female dyads.He believes that the distance between the female/female dyads will be much smaller than that between the male/male dyads.When collecting the data,he notes all cases that fit his hypothesis but tends to "miss" most cases that do not fit his hypothesis.Doug's data collection behavior illustrates the pitfall of

Accepted Answer

A) expectancy effects. 
B) reactivity. 
C) expectancy syndrome. 
D) experimenter blindness.

Question 3

Rich is conducting a survey of student opinion of the dining hall at his university.Rich decided to conduct his survey using students enrolled in introductory psychology classes.The type of sampling technique that Rich is using is

Accepted Answer

A) random sampling. 
B) cluster sampling. 
C) stratified random sampling. 
D) representative sampling.

Question 4

Marnie keeps answering the questions on the survey she is taking as she thinks most others in society would answer them,rather than with her true responses.Marnie's answers illustrate

Accepted Answer

A) interviewer bias. 
B) sampling bias. 
C) experimenter effects. 
D) socially desirable responses.

Question 5

Explain how sampling bias,interviewer bias,and socially desirable responses are problematic for survey research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how sampling bias,interviewer bias,and socially desirable...

Question 6

Mail surveys are to _____ as personal interviews are to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) good response rate; interviewer bias 
B) interviewer bias; good response rate 
C) poor response rate; interviewer bias 
D) sampling bias; poor response rate

Question 7

Imagine that you are writing a survey on student perceptions of the food in the dining hall.Write one open-ended,one closed-ended,and one partially open-ended question concerning quality of the food in the dining hall.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you are writing a survey...

Question 8

_____ observation affords _____ control,but increases the chance of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Naturalistic; more; reactivity 
B) Naturalistic; less; experimenter effects 
C) Laboratory,less; experimenter effects 
D) Laboratory; more; reactivity

Question 9

A question including non-neutral or emotionally laden terms is to a _____ question as a question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner is to a _____ question.

Accepted Answer

A) loaded; leading 
B) leading; loaded 
C) double-barreled; leading 
D) leading; double-barreled

Question 10

Explain how the terms nonparticipant,participant,disguised,and undisguised relate to observational research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the terms nonparticipant,participant,disguised,and undisguised relate...

Question 11

Consider the following survey question: "Do you consider a microwave to be fast and convenient?" This is an example of a _____ question.

Accepted Answer

A) leading 
B) loaded 
C) rating scale 
D) double-barreled

Question 12

_____ is/are more of a concern when using _____ observation.

Accepted Answer

A) Reactivity; disguised 
B) Reactivity; undisguised 
C) Expectancy effects; disguised 
D) Expectancy effects; nonparticipant

Question 13

Telephone surveys have the concern of _____ but have the advantage of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) socially desirable responses; possible question clarification 
B) lack of question clarification; possible question clarification 
C) lack of question clarification; increased response rate over mail surveys 
D) interviewer bias; socially desirable responses

Question 14

A numerical scale on which survey respondents indicate the direction and strength of their response is a

Accepted Answer

A) Likert scale. 
B) rating scale. 
C) nominal scale. 
D) a Likert scale and a rating scale.

Question 15

Which of the following is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Naturalistic observation involves observing humans or other animals behave in their natural setting. 
B) Naturalistic observation increases the ecological validity of a study. 
C) Laboratory observation involves observing behavior in a more contrived situation. 
D) Laboratory observation increases the ecological validity of a study.

Question 16

Explain the difference between using narrative records versus checklists for data collection.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between using narrative records...

Question 17

What are the problems with the following survey questions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the problems with the following...

Question 18

Explain what demographic questions are and why it is recommended that they appear at the end of the survey.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what demographic questions are and why...

Question 19

Questions for which participants choose from a limited number of alternatives are _____ questions.

Accepted Answer

A) leading 
B) open-ended 
C) closed-ended 
D) loaded

Question 20

What are expectancy effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are expectancy effects?...

Exam 4: Descriptive Methods