Question 1

A participant is asked, "In the list of words I showed you earlier, was there a word that rhymed with 'lake'?" The participant is likely to be well prepared for this sort of memory test if he or she

Accepted Answer

A)  used maintenance rehearsal when trying to memorize the words. 
B)  paid attention to the sounds of the words when trying to memorize them. 
C)  paid attention to the appearance of the words when trying to memorize them. 
D)  relied on perceptual fluency when studying the words.

Question 2

In an experiment, participants learned materials in Room A and were tested in Room B. If they were asked to think about Room A just before taking the test, participants

Accepted Answer

A)  performed as well as they would have done had there been no room change. 
B)  performed worse on the test due to dual-task memory disruption. 
C)  performed the same as those participants who were not asked to think about Room A. 
D)  performed better than participants who were tested in Room B and were not asked to think about Room A, but worse than participants tested in Room A.

Question 3

Context has an effect on memory

Accepted Answer

A)  because it interferes with the retrieval paths. 
B)  only if the information is recalled in the same physical environment where it was learned. 
C)  because it influences how the person thinks of the material to be remembered. 
D)  but not on the way a person perceives a memory.

Question 4

Participants are asked to memorize a list of words. In addition to the words themselves, participants will remember some aspects of the context in which the words appeared. This tendency to remember a stimulus within its context is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  background learning. 
B)  multiple encoding. 
C)  implicit memory. 
D)  encoding specificity.

Question 5

In a classic demonstration, Claparède showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the behavior of a Korsakoff's amnesia patient can be changed by a recent event even though the patient shows no signs of remembering that event. 
B)  Korsakoff's amnesiacs show more severe retrograde amnesia than anterograde amnesia. 
C)  Korsakoff's amnesiacs show an extraordinary ability to recall their plans for the future even though they cannot remember their own past. 
D)  the behavior of a Korsakoff's amnesia patient is less well organized than clinicians have theorized.

Question 6

What would be the most accurate way to describe familiarity?

Accepted Answer

A)  a feeling triggered by a stimulus 
B)  a decision that one makes about a stimulus 
C)  an effortful and erroneous process 
D)  a retrieval strategy

Question 7

If you perceive a stimulus and then later perceive the same stimulus again, you are likely to perceive the stimulus more quickly and more easily the second time. This benefit can be described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  context-dependent memory. 
B)  explicit memory. 
C)  increase in processing fluency. 
D)  recognition memory.

Question 8

If you organized a game of Trivial Pursuit with a group of Korsakoff patients, which of the following actions is LEAST likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patients do very poorly at the beginning. 
B)  The patients get better if questions are recycled. 
C)  The patients make up excuses about the source of their knowledge. 
D)  The patients do well on current events.

Question 9

Because of the influence of implicit memory, participants judge

Accepted Answer

A)  unfamiliar sentences to be more believable. 
B)  familiar sentences to be more believable. 
C)  familiar sentences to be more believable, but only if they heard the sentence from a trustworthy source. 
D)  unfamiliar sentences to be more believable, but only if they have forgotten the source of the familiar sentences.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the role the hippocampus plays in memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hippocampus damage is associated with retrograde amnesia. 
B)  The hippocampus is important only for old memories from months and years back. 
C)  The hippocampus plays an important role in memory consolidation. 
D)  Korsakoff patients have little to no damage in hippocampal areas.

Question 11

H. M. had much of his hippocampus removed to alleviate seizures. An unfortunate side effect was impaired explicit memory, even though later testing revealed his implicit memory was spared. In order to establish a double dissociation, which of the following patients would need to be found?

Accepted Answer

A)  a patient with intact implicit memory and intact explicit memory 
B)  a patient with an intact hippocampus and explicit memory deficits 
C)  a patient with intact explicit memory and impaired implicit memory 
D)  a patient with explicit memory intact and a damaged hippocampus

Question 12

Cindy and Linda are both eyewitnesses to a bank robbery. At the police station, they each select Mike from a police lineup and say, "He's the thief!" It turns out, though, that Mike has been a customer at the store at which Cindy works and Linda has never seen Mike before. With this background,

Accepted Answer

A)  Cindy's identification is more valuable to the police because she has an advantage of familiarity and context. 
B)  both identifications are likely to be accurate because face recognition draws on specialized mechanisms that work effectively with both familiar and unfamiliar faces. 
C)  Cindy's identification is more valuable to the police because her recognition of Mike will be more fluent than Linda's, thanks to the previous encounters. 
D)  Linda's identification is more valuable to the police because Cindy may have been misled by the fact that Mike seemed familiar because of her other encounters with him.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is NOT true for explicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Explicit memory is typically revealed as a priming effect. 
B)  Explicit memory is usually assessed by direct, rather than indirect, testing. 
C)  Explicit memory is usually revealed by specifically urging someone to remember the past. 
D)  Explicit memory is often tested by recall testing or by a standard recognition test.

Question 14

Lexical decision tasks require participants to

Accepted Answer

A)  remember previously shown items. 
B)  quickly respond "old" or "new" to pictures of items. 
C)  provide the meaning of target words. 
D)  make "word" or "nonword" decisions when presented with letter strings.

Question 15

"Context reinstatement" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  improved memory if the materials to be remembered were thought about in a novel context. 
B)  improved memory if we re-create the context that was in place during learning. 
C)  improved memory if the mnemonics used have a similar context to the materials to be remembered. 
D)  impaired memory performance if participants recall the context where the material was learned.

Question 16

Steve is shown a list of words, which includes "baby." He is then asked to list all the words he can remember from the list, but he does not include "baby." Steve is later asked to identify words and nonwords, and "baby" is presented along with other items. Which of the following patterns is most likely to reflect Steve's performance on this identification task?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steve will say "baby" is a nonword. 
B)  Steve will respond more quickly to "baby" than he would to other words. 
C)  Steve will respond more slowly to "baby" relative to nonwords. 
D)  Steve's response time will be about the same to "baby" as to all other items on the test.

Question 17

Spreading activation models behave much like which biological system?

Accepted Answer

A)  neural networks 
B)  the parallel processing components of the visual system 
C)  the cells of the retina 
D)  the corpus callosum, connecting the two hemispheres

Question 18

Evidence for context-dependent learning has been found in all of the following situations EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  underwater and out of water for scuba divers learning words. 
B)  odors present or absent during learning. 
C)  reading an article in a noisy or quiet environment. 
D)  a class lecture in a very cold or hot room.

Question 19

Theodore has suffered from Korsakoff's amnesia for the last decade. Theodore is LEAST likely to do which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

A)  accurately recall events from early childhood 
B)  hold a coherent conversation lasting many minutes 
C)  recall events that occurred last month 
D)  recognize people he met 18 years ago

Question 20

What is the level at which a node in a spreading activation model will fire?

Accepted Answer

A)  subthreshold level 
B)  superthreshold 
C)  response threshold 
D)  activation level

Exam 6: Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval