Question 1

Which of the following tasks is LEAST appropriate as a means of testing implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  lexical decision 
B)  word-stem completion 
C)  direct memory testing 
D)  repetition priming in tachistoscopic recognition

Question 2

If you organized a game of Trivial Pursuit with a group of Korsakoff patients, which of the following actions is LEAST likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patients do very poorly at the beginning. 
B)  The patients get better if questions are recycled. 
C)  The patients make up excuses about the source of their knowledge. 
D)  The patients do well on current events.

Question 3

Abigail saw the stimulus "all_____" and was asked to think of a word that began with these letters. This task is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  a lexical decision 
B)  word-stem completion 
C)  semantic priming 
D)  explicit memory

Question 4

A friend of yours has recently grown a beard. When you encounter him, you realize at once that something about his face has changed, but you are not certain what has changed. We can conclude from this that:

Accepted Answer

A)  you detected the decrease in fluency in your recognition of your friend's face 
B)  your memory of your friend's face is influenced by state-dependent learning 
C)  you are displaying an instance of source amnesia 
D)  you are being influenced by the fact that there are fewer men with beards than men without beards

Question 5

"Context reinstatement" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  improved memory if the materials to be remembered were thought about in a novel context 
B)  improved memory if we recreate the context that was in place during learning 
C)  improved memory if the mnemonics used have a similar context to the materials to be remembered 
D)  impaired memory performance if participants recall the context where the material was learned

Question 6

If you perceive a stimulus and then later perceive the same stimulus again, you are likely to perceive the stimulus more quickly and more easily the second time. This benefit can be described as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  state-dependent memory 
B)  explicit memory 
C)  increase in processing fluency 
D)  recognition memory

Question 7

The famous patient H.M. is unable to remember events he experienced after his brain surgery. The surgery apparently produced:

Accepted Answer

A)  repression 
B)  anterograde amnesia 
C)  retrograde amnesia 
D)  infantile amnesia

Question 8

Cindy and Linda are both eyewitnesses to a bank robbery. At the police station, they each select Mike from a police lineup, and say, "He's the thief!" It turns out, though, that Mike has been a customer at the store at which Cindy works. Linda has never seen Mike before. With this background:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cindy's identification is more valuable to the police because she has an advantage of familiarity and context 
B)  both identifications are likely to be accurate because face recognition draws on specialized mechanisms that work effectively with both familiar and unfamiliar faces 
C)  Cindy's identification is more valuable to the police because her recognition of Mike will be more fluent than Linda's, thanks to the previous encounters 
D)  Linda's identification is more valuable to the police because Cindy may have been misled by the fact that Mike seemed familiar because of her other encounters with him

Question 9

Participants listen to a series of sentences played against a background of noise. Some of the sentences are identical to sentences heard earlier (without the noise), but other sentences heard in the noise are new. In this setting, participants will perceive:

Accepted Answer

A)  the unfamiliar sentences heard as louder than the familiar sentences 
B)  the unfamiliar sentences as being clearer than the familiar sentences 
C)  the noise as being less loud when it accompanies the familiar sentences 
D)  no difference between the unfamiliar and the familiar sentences

Question 10

Because of the effects of state-dependent learning, students might find it wise to:

Accepted Answer

A)  use mnemonic devices as a study aid 
B)  study only when they are entirely sober 
C)  focus on their instructor's intended meaning rather than on the instructor's exact words 
D)  prepare for their examinations under conditions similar to the test conditions

Question 11

Amnesia can provide insight into the role of memory in our everyday life. For example, if H.M. was having a conversation with a friend and noticed the friend smiling, H.M. is MOST likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  attribute the smile to the funny joke he made a few minutes ago 
B)  not know why his friend is smiling 
C)  smile back because H.M. has learned to smile when others smile 
D)  forget the conversation immediately, because his attention has been turned to his friend's smile

Question 12

Which of the following statements is NOT likely to be an influence of implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants know they have encountered the stimulus recently but can't recall the details of the encounter. 
B)  Participants have a preference for a familiar stimulus in comparison to other, new stimuli. 
C)  Participants believe a false, made-up phrase, that they have heard recently, to be true. 
D)  Participants remember the circumstances in which they first met a stimulus.

Question 13

Herbert says, "I can't figure out where I've seen that person before, but I know that I have seen her before!" Herbert:

Accepted Answer

A)  has an episodic memory for the face, but no generic memory for the face 
B)  has a sense of familiarity, but no source memory 
C)  would perform well on a recall test, but not on a recognition test 
D)  seems to have formed interitem associations when he last encountered the face

Question 14

Two groups of participants were asked to learn a series of word pairs and were then given a memory test. Both groups were told to remember the second word in each pair and use the first word as an aid to remember the targets. For Group A the first word was semantically associated with the target word (e.g., dark-light). For Group B the first word rhymed with the target word (e.g., sight-light). Each group was given hints during their memory test. These hints could be related to meaning (e.g., Was there a word associated with "dark"?) or sound (e.g., Was there a word associated with "sight"?). Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overall, participants in Group A recalled more words than those in Group B. 
B)  Participants in Group A performed better when given a meaning hint than when given a sound hint. 
C)  Participants in Group B performed better when given a sound hint than when given a meaning hint. 
D)  Participants in Group B performed better when given a meaning hint than when given a sound hint.

Question 15

In a classic demonstration, Claparède showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the behavior of a Korsakoff's amnesia patient can be changed by a recent event even though the patient shows no signs of remembering that event 
B)  Korsakoff's amnesics show more severe retrograde amnesia than anterograde amnesia 
C)  Korsakoff's amnesics show an extraordinary ability to recall their plans for the future even though they cannot remember their own pasts 
D)  the behavior of a Korsakoff's amnesia patient is less well organized than clinicians have theorized

Question 16

Jerry, a lawyer, has read about a case (Jones v. Arizona) that he thinks will help a client of his. Jerry wants to make sure that he remembers to discuss the case with his client and that he brings up the case in his opening statement in court. His BEST bet is likely to be to:

Accepted Answer

A)  repeat to himself, over and over again, "Don't forget Jones v. Arizona" 
B)  use a mnemonic device, like the peg-word system, and hope that his client and the judge do not think him odd for saying, "One is a bun . . ." in court 
C)  build multiple retrieval paths between the new case and the situations in which he wishes to use it 
D)  put the case book containing Jones v. Arizona on his desk with all of the other books and hope he finds it when his client arrives and when he writes his opening statement

Question 17

Participants are asked to memorize a list of words. The eighth word on the list is "inches," the ninth word is "meters," and the tenth is "feet." In which of the following statements would the participants be MOST likely to remember the previous exposure to "feet"?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the memory test, the fourth word tested is "yards," and the fifth is "feet." 
B)  In the memory test, the fourth word tested is "heat," and the fifth is "feet." 
C)  In the memory test, the fourth word tested is "hands," and the fifth is "feet.' 
D)  In the memory test, the fourth word tested is "fight," and the fifth is "feet."

Question 18

Which of the following statements seems to be the BEST illustration of encoding specificity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Susan is terrible at learning general arguments, although she is excellent at learning more specific claims. 
B)  Susan has learned the principles covered in her psychology class, but she has difficulty remembering the principles in the context of her day-to-day life. 
C)  Susan easily learns material that is meaningful but cannot learn material that is abstract. 
D)  Susan quickly masters new material if she knows some related information, but she has trouble learning things if the domain is new to her.

Question 19

Because of implicit memory's influence, participants judge:

Accepted Answer

A)  unfamiliar sentences to be more believable 
B)  familiar sentences to be more believable 
C)  familiar sentences to be more believable, but only if they heard the sentence from a trustworthy source 
D)  unfamiliar sentences to be more believable, but only if they have forgotten the source of the familiar sentences

Question 20

When a person experiences familiarity but no accompanying source memory, the effect can be far-reaching but is unlikely to include:

Accepted Answer

A)  the person believing that a familiar statement is true, even though he or she cannot remember where he or she heard it 
B)  the person inaccurately accusing someone of a crime, merely because that person seems familiar 
C)  the person's preferences changing in favor of the familiar information 
D)  explicit recollection of a person's name or profession

Exam 6: Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval