Question 1

Which of the following statements about creativity is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Engaging in problem solving is a useful technique to help inspire creative thinking.
B)   Divergent thinking, in which you consider a problem from a variety of angles, can help generate creative solutions.
C)   Only a small percentage of people have the capacity to be creative.
D)   Creativity requires effort and persistence. C

Question 2

Dr. Hiroshiko believes that a general factor (called the g factor) is responsible for overall performance on mental ability tests, and that it can be expressed as a single number, such as an IQ score. Dr. Hiroshiko's views are most consistent with those of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Charles Spearman.
B)   Louis L. Thurstone.
C)   Howard Gardner.
D)   Alfred Binet. A

Question 3

As part of his homework assignment, Kenny memorized the names of all the planets in the solar system, learned the distance between the Earth and the Sun, decided what items he still needed to research in the library, and spent some time daydreaming about space travel. In the most general sense, Kenny was engaged in:

Accepted Answer

A)   thinking.
B)   functional fixedness.
C)   constructing an algorithm.
D)   developing a heuristic. A

Question 4

Arianna is perfectly fluent in English and French. Research has shown that such balanced proficiency in two languages

Accepted Answer

A)   can accelerate the onset of Alzheimer's disease by four or five years.
B)   decreases control over attention and lowers the ability to switch attention to new stimuli when needed.
C)   helps build up a cognitive reserve that can protect against cognitive decline in late adulthood.
D)   may result in delayed language development, learning problems, and lower intelligence.

Question 5

While evaluating evidence that seems to confirm a hoped-for finding, people may overlook flaws in the research or argument. This is an example of the wishful thinking bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Stereotype lift refers to the finding that awareness of positive expectations can actually improve performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Cross-cultural research has found that members of stigmatized groups in many societies tend to _____ on intelligence tests as/than members of dominant social groups, even if the stigmatized group members are of the same race as the dominant group.

Accepted Answer

A)   score about the same
B)   score 10 to 15 points higher
C)   score 10 to 15 points lower
D)   score 25 to 30 points lower

Question 8

Dr. Roberto investigates how the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge develop over the human lifespan. Dr. Roberto's area of research is:

Accepted Answer

A)   comparative cognition.
B)   concerned with the linguistic relativity hypothesis.
C)   cognition.
D)   problem solving and decision making.

Question 9

Why can't heritability estimates be used to explain group differences in intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)   Heritability estimates can only be used to predict individual variation from standardized test scores, and do not apply to group differences.
B)   Heritability estimates apply only to characteristics that are determined by a single gene or gene pair.
C)   Heritability estimates can only be applied to differences within a particular group, because environmental conditions vary for different groups.
D)   Heritability estimates only apply to intelligence scores that are averaged over a period of at least 20 years, and group data does not exist for that period.

Question 10

How do we use the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic to help estimate the probability of an event's occurring?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do we use the availability heuristic...

Question 11

Research on bilingualism has shown that balanced proficiency in two languages may result in delayed language development, learning problems, and lower intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Describe the field of comparative cognition, and describe some important findings from this active area of psychological research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the field of comparative cognition, and...

Question 13

Evidence for the importance of the environment in determining IQ scores derives from the improvement in average IQ scores that occurred in several cultures and countries during the past few generations. This phenomenon is called the Flynn effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Tom, whose story appears in the Chapter 7 Prologue, was diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome (now referred to as a mild form of autism spectrum disorder). Like many people, he can become frustrated when he is stuck on a problem. However, unlike other people, who recognize when it's time to switch to a new strategy or accept defeat and give up, Tom perseveres in trying to find the "right" solution, demonstrating _____, which are characteristics of autism spectrum disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive rigidity and inflexible thinking
B)   intuitive thinking and insight
C)   creativity, displacement, and generativity
D)   intellectual disability and a low IQ

Question 15

Generally, a test is considered reliable if it produces a normal distribution of scores and measures what it is intended to measure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

It is now known that environmental factors influence or regulate the activation of many of the genes that we inherited from our biological parents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The new Aristographic Creativity Scale had test and retest scores that were highly similar, but it lacked predictive value. In addition, there was some uncertainty about precisely what ability the test was actually measuring. The Aristographic Creativity Scale has:

Accepted Answer

A)   high validity but low reliability.
B)   high reliability but low validity.
C)   high validity and high reliability.
D)   low validity and low reliability.

Question 18

A natural concept is:

Accepted Answer

A)   the most typical instance of a particular concept.
B)   a mental category formed as the result of everyday experience.
C)   a mental category formed by learning the rules or features that define it.
D)   a mental representation of an object or event that is not physically present.

Question 19

The confirmation bias is the tendency to search for information or evidence that confirms a belief, while making little or no effort to search for information that might disprove the belief.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In the second stage of the two-stage model of intuition, the integrative stage, hypotheses are formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Which of the following statements about creativity is FALSE?

Dr. Hiroshiko believes that a general factor (called the g factor) is responsible for overall performance on mental ability tests, and that it can be expressed as a single number, such as an IQ score. Dr. Hiroshiko's views are most consistent with those of:

Arianna is perfectly fluent in English and French. Research has shown that such balanced proficiency in two languages

While evaluating evidence that seems to confirm a hoped-for finding, people may overlook flaws in the research or argument. This is an example of the wishful thinking bias.

Stereotype lift refers to the finding that awareness of positive expectations can actually improve performance.

Cross-cultural research has found that members of stigmatized groups in many societies tend to _____ on intelligence tests as/than members of dominant social groups, even if the stigmatized group members are of the same race as the dominant group.

Dr. Roberto investigates how the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge develop over the human lifespan. Dr. Roberto's area of research is:

Why can't heritability estimates be used to explain group differences in intelligence?

How do we use the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic to help estimate the probability of an event's occurring?

Research on bilingualism has shown that balanced proficiency in two languages may result in delayed language development, learning problems, and lower intelligence.

Describe the field of comparative cognition, and describe some important findings from this active area of psychological research.

Evidence for the importance of the environment in determining IQ scores derives from the improvement in average IQ scores that occurred in several cultures and countries during the past few generations. This phenomenon is called the Flynn effect.

Generally, a test is considered reliable if it produces a normal distribution of scores and measures what it is intended to measure.

It is now known that environmental factors influence or regulate the activation of many of the genes that we inherited from our biological parents.

The new Aristographic Creativity Scale had test and retest scores that were highly similar, but it lacked predictive value. In addition, there was some uncertainty about precisely what ability the test was actually measuring. The Aristographic Creativity Scale has:

A natural concept is:

The confirmation bias is the tendency to search for information or evidence that confirms a belief, while making little or no effort to search for information that might disprove the belief.

In the second stage of the two-stage model of intuition, the integrative stage, hypotheses are formed.