Question 1

For his independent project in Cooking 101, Henry decides to develop a new dip for raw vegetables, using sour cream and herbs. He tries one combination of ingredients after another, adjusting the seasoning as he goes along. What problem-solving strategy is Henry using?

Accepted Answer

A)  the working backward heuristic 
B)  the additive model 
C)  the single-feature algorithm 
D)  the trial-and-error strategy

Question 2

When a psychological test is administered to the same group of people on different occasions and it produces very similar scores for each of the participants, it is said to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  reliable. 
B)  standardized. 
C)  a culture-free test. 
D)  valid.

Question 3

The _____ is a decision-making strategy that simplifies the choice among many alternatives. Although useful for minor decisions, this strategy can increase the riskiness of complex decisions.

Accepted Answer

A)  single-feature model 
B)  additive model 
C)  elimination by aspects model 
D)  availability model

Question 4

The results of studies with bonobo chimpanzees, parrots, and bottle-nosed dolphins have provided some compelling demonstrations of animal language learning. According to your textbook:

Accepted Answer

A)  most psychologists now agree that nonhuman animals are not only capable of complex linguistic feats, but are clearly self-aware, and have a remarkable ability to think. 
B)  although the results of these studies are fascinating, many psychologists caution against trying to determine whether animals can think like humans, and instead they focus on the evolved cognitive abilities of specific species. 
C)  most psychologists working in the area of comparative cognition now agree that only humans can communicate using true language. 
D)  although the results of these studies are fascinating, most comparative psychologists believe that nonhuman animals are only capable of communicating, and these "language" demonstrations lack proper syntax and grammar.

Question 5

_____ is the term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognition 
B)  Perception 
C)  Mental imagery 
D)  Sensation

Question 6

The research of Lewis Terman confirmed that the most successful and creative people are likely to have high IQ scores, but they are also likely to be divorced, physically unhealthy, and addicted to alcohol or prescription drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When reminded of the "elderly as wise" stereotype, senior adults scored higher on a memory test than those who were not reminded of that positive stereotype did. This is an example of stereotype lift.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Describe at least three suggestions mentioned in your text that can enhance your ability to think creatively. Bonus: provide a real-life example of a way in which each strategy was used or could be used to solve a real problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe at least three suggestions mentioned in...

Question 9

Your text describes research involving participants who lived in remote Amazon tribes and spoke languages that lacked a counting system or specific words for numbers. What conclusion did the researchers reach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Language has a powerful effect on perception; people who speak different languages have a completely different view of the world. 
B)  Language categories can affect how individuals think about particular concepts. Without a number concept, the indigenous people were only able to use relative terms like few, some, and many instead of exact numbers to describe quantities. 
C)  The study showed that even though the languages of the isolated tribes lacked number words, they had sophisticated systems for describing colors. 
D)  The study showed that without a number concept, the indigenous people were unable to distinguish between few, some, and many.

Question 10

When people need to make a decision involving a high degree of uncertainty, what techniques do they often use to estimate the probability of an event occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  the trial-and-error strategy and the additive model 
B)  the elimination by aspects model and the single-feature model 
C)  the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic 
D)  insight, intuition, mental sets, and pure guesswork

Question 11

Language is a highly structured system that follows specific rules for combining words. These rules are referred to as the _____ of a language.

Accepted Answer

A)  symbols 
B)  syntax 
C)  displacement rules 
D)  generative rules

Question 12

Which of the following statements about intuition is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intuition's first stage is largely unconscious. 
B)  Intuition involves the deliberate use of algorithms and heuristics. 
C)  Intuition cannot be operationally defined or measured. 
D)  Intuition is the first step in solving any problem.

Question 13

Aptitude test is to measuring level of skill or knowledge as achievement test is to measuring capacity to benefit from education or training.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Describe three strategies that people use to make a decision among several alternatives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three strategies that people use to...

Question 15

What research finding has demonstrated the influence of language on perception and thought?

Accepted Answer

A)  the finding that the Eskimo language has many more words for "snow" than the English language 
B)  the discovery that the Dani people of New Guinea perceive only two distinct categories of colors, mola and mili 
C)  the revelation that experts perceive objects in their field of expertise differently than nonexperts 
D)  the finding that people whose languages lack number words or counting systems are unable to complete simple arithmetic tasks, such as matching specific configurations of objects

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding language is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Language is a system for combining arbitrary symbols to produce an infinite number of meaningful statements. 
B)  Displacement is one important characteristic of all human languages. 
C)  In most languages, words are similar in sound to the object or meaning that they symbolize. 
D)  All our cognitive abilities are involved in understanding and producing language.

Question 17

Dr. Arnott has conducted extensive research on bilingualism. If his findings are consistent with the research on bilingualism that appears in the text, he is likely to discover that:

Accepted Answer

A)  bilingualism is rare worldwide, and very few people are bilingual. 
B)  about two-thirds of children worldwide are raised speaking two or more languages. 
C)  children who simultaneously learn two languages suffer from confusion and do not learn either language properly. 
D)  children who simultaneously learn two languages suffer learning problems and have lower intelligence than do monolinguals.

Question 18

Functional fixedness is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual or customary way. 
B)  the process of coming to a conclusion or making a judgment without conscious awareness of the thought processes involved. 
C)  the tendency to persist in solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past. 
D)  the sudden realization of how a problem can be solved.

Question 19

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale yields two scores: one for verbal abilities and one for performance abilities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Psychologists have found that virtually everyone possesses the intelligence and cognitive processes needed to be creative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

For his independent project in Cooking 101, Henry decides to develop a new dip for raw vegetables, using sour cream and herbs. He tries one combination of ingredients after another, adjusting the seasoning as he goes along. What problem-solving strategy is Henry using?

When a psychological test is administered to the same group of people on different occasions and it produces very similar scores for each of the participants, it is said to be:

The _____ is a decision-making strategy that simplifies the choice among many alternatives. Although useful for minor decisions, this strategy can increase the riskiness of complex decisions.

The results of studies with bonobo chimpanzees, parrots, and bottle-nosed dolphins have provided some compelling demonstrations of animal language learning. According to your textbook:

_____ is the term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge.

The research of Lewis Terman confirmed that the most successful and creative people are likely to have high IQ scores, but they are also likely to be divorced, physically unhealthy, and addicted to alcohol or prescription drugs.

When reminded of the "elderly as wise" stereotype, senior adults scored higher on a memory test than those who were not reminded of that positive stereotype did. This is an example of stereotype lift.

Describe at least three suggestions mentioned in your text that can enhance your ability to think creatively. Bonus: provide a real-life example of a way in which each strategy was used or could be used to solve a real problem.

Your text describes research involving participants who lived in remote Amazon tribes and spoke languages that lacked a counting system or specific words for numbers. What conclusion did the researchers reach?

When people need to make a decision involving a high degree of uncertainty, what techniques do they often use to estimate the probability of an event occurring?

Language is a highly structured system that follows specific rules for combining words. These rules are referred to as the _____ of a language.

Which of the following statements about intuition is TRUE?

Aptitude test is to measuring level of skill or knowledge as achievement test is to measuring capacity to benefit from education or training.

Describe three strategies that people use to make a decision among several alternatives.

What research finding has demonstrated the influence of language on perception and thought?

Which of the following statements regarding language is FALSE?

Dr. Arnott has conducted extensive research on bilingualism. If his findings are consistent with the research on bilingualism that appears in the text, he is likely to discover that:

Functional fixedness is defined as:

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale yields two scores: one for verbal abilities and one for performance abilities.

Psychologists have found that virtually everyone possesses the intelligence and cognitive processes needed to be creative.